WGU D430 Fundamentals of Information
Security
Define the confidentiality in the CIA triad. - Answers -Our ability to protect data from
those who are not authorized to view it.
Examples of confidentiality - Answers -A patron using an ATM card wants to keep their
PIN number confidential.
An ATM owner wants to keep bank account numbers confidential.
How can confidentiality be broken? - Answers -Losing a laptop
An attacker gets access to info
A person can look over your shoulder
Define integrity in the CIA triad. - Answers -The ability to prevent people from changing
your data and the ability to reverse unwanted changes.
How do you control integrity? - Answers -Permissions restrict what users can do (read,
write, etc.)
Examples of integrity - Answers -Data used by a doctor to make medical decisions
needs to be correct or the patient can die.
Define the availability in the CIA triad. - Answers -Our data needs to be accessible when
we need it.
How can availability be broken? - Answers -Loss of power, application problems. If
caused by an attacker, this is a Denial of Service attack.
Define information security. - Answers -The protection of information and information
systems from unauthorized access, use, disclosure, disruption, modification, or
destruction in order to provide confidentiality, integrity, and availability.
Define the Parkerian Hexad and its principles. - Answers -The Parkerian Hexad
includes confidentiality, integrity, and availability from the CIA triad. It also includes
possession (or control), authenticity, and utility.
Authenticity - Answers -Whether the data in question comes from who or where it says it
comes from (i.e. did this person actually send this email?)
Confidentiality is affected by what type of attack? - Answers -Interception (eaves
dropping)
, Integrity is affected by what type of attacks? - Answers -Interruption (assets are
unusable), modification (tampering with an asset), fabrication (generating false data)
Authenticity is affected by what type of attacks? - Answers -Interruption (assets are
unusable), modification (tampering with an asset), fabrication (generating false data)
Utility - Answers -How useful the data is to you (can be a spectrum, not just yes or no)
Possession - Answers -Do you physically have the data in question? Used to describe
the scope of a loss
Identify the four types of attacks - Answers -interception, interruption, modification, and
fabrication
Interception attacks - Answers -Make your assets unusable or unavailable
Interruption attacks - Answers -cause assets to become unusable or unavailable for our
use, on a temporary or permanent basis
Modification attacks - Answers -Tampering with an asset
Fabrication attacks - Answers -Generating data, process, and communications
Define the risk management process - Answers -1. Identify assets
2. Identify threats
3. Assess vulnerabilities
4. Assess risks
5. Mitigate risks
Define the incident response process and its stages. - Answers -Preparation
Detection and analysis
Containment
Eradication
Recovery
Preparation in incident response - Answers -creating policies and procedures
Detection in incident response - Answers -Using tools and humans to decide if an
incident is an incident
Defense in Depth - Answers -employing multiple layers of controls to avoid a single
point of failure
Identify types of controls to mitigate risk - Answers -physical, logical, administrative
Security
Define the confidentiality in the CIA triad. - Answers -Our ability to protect data from
those who are not authorized to view it.
Examples of confidentiality - Answers -A patron using an ATM card wants to keep their
PIN number confidential.
An ATM owner wants to keep bank account numbers confidential.
How can confidentiality be broken? - Answers -Losing a laptop
An attacker gets access to info
A person can look over your shoulder
Define integrity in the CIA triad. - Answers -The ability to prevent people from changing
your data and the ability to reverse unwanted changes.
How do you control integrity? - Answers -Permissions restrict what users can do (read,
write, etc.)
Examples of integrity - Answers -Data used by a doctor to make medical decisions
needs to be correct or the patient can die.
Define the availability in the CIA triad. - Answers -Our data needs to be accessible when
we need it.
How can availability be broken? - Answers -Loss of power, application problems. If
caused by an attacker, this is a Denial of Service attack.
Define information security. - Answers -The protection of information and information
systems from unauthorized access, use, disclosure, disruption, modification, or
destruction in order to provide confidentiality, integrity, and availability.
Define the Parkerian Hexad and its principles. - Answers -The Parkerian Hexad
includes confidentiality, integrity, and availability from the CIA triad. It also includes
possession (or control), authenticity, and utility.
Authenticity - Answers -Whether the data in question comes from who or where it says it
comes from (i.e. did this person actually send this email?)
Confidentiality is affected by what type of attack? - Answers -Interception (eaves
dropping)
, Integrity is affected by what type of attacks? - Answers -Interruption (assets are
unusable), modification (tampering with an asset), fabrication (generating false data)
Authenticity is affected by what type of attacks? - Answers -Interruption (assets are
unusable), modification (tampering with an asset), fabrication (generating false data)
Utility - Answers -How useful the data is to you (can be a spectrum, not just yes or no)
Possession - Answers -Do you physically have the data in question? Used to describe
the scope of a loss
Identify the four types of attacks - Answers -interception, interruption, modification, and
fabrication
Interception attacks - Answers -Make your assets unusable or unavailable
Interruption attacks - Answers -cause assets to become unusable or unavailable for our
use, on a temporary or permanent basis
Modification attacks - Answers -Tampering with an asset
Fabrication attacks - Answers -Generating data, process, and communications
Define the risk management process - Answers -1. Identify assets
2. Identify threats
3. Assess vulnerabilities
4. Assess risks
5. Mitigate risks
Define the incident response process and its stages. - Answers -Preparation
Detection and analysis
Containment
Eradication
Recovery
Preparation in incident response - Answers -creating policies and procedures
Detection in incident response - Answers -Using tools and humans to decide if an
incident is an incident
Defense in Depth - Answers -employing multiple layers of controls to avoid a single
point of failure
Identify types of controls to mitigate risk - Answers -physical, logical, administrative
