,Advanced ‘Physiology ‘and ‘Pathophysiology ‘Essentials ‘for
‘Clinical ‘Practice ‘1st ‘Edition ‘Tkacs ‘Test ‘Bank ‘-Questions
‘with ‘Answer ‘Key ‘At ‘the ‘end ‘of ‘Every ‘Chapter, ‘All
‘Updated
Chapter ‘ 1. ‘ THE ‘ FOUNDATIONAL ‘ CONCEPTS ‘ OF
‘ CLINICAL‘PRACTICE
1. The ‘ characteristic, ‘ localized ‘ cardinal ‘ signs ‘ of ‘ acute ‘ inflammation ‘ include:
A) fever.
B) fatigue.
C) redness.
D) granuloma.
2. The ‘vascular, ‘hemodynamic ‘stage ‘of ‘acute ‘inflammation ‘is ‘initiated ‘by
‘momentary ‘ vasoconstriction ‘ followed ‘ by ‘ vasodilation ‘ that ‘ causes
‘ localized:
A) bleeding.
B) congestion.
C) pale ‘skin.
D) coolness.
3. The ‘cellular ‘stage ‘of ‘acute ‘inflammation ‘is ‘marked ‘by ‘the ‘movement
‘ of ‘leukocytes ‘ into ‘ the ‘ area. ‘Which ‘ of ‘ the ‘ following ‘ cells ‘ arrives ‘ early
‘ in ‘ great‘numbers?
A) Basophils
B) Lymphocytes
C) Neutrophils
D) Platelets
,4. The ‘ phagocytosis ‘ process ‘involves ‘ three ‘ distinct ‘ steps. ‘ What ‘ is ‘the
‘ initial‘step ‘in ‘the ‘process?
A) Engulfment
B) Intracellular ‘ killing
C) Antigen ‘ margination
D) Recognition ‘ and ‘ adherence
5. Which ‘ of ‘ the ‘ following ‘ mediators ‘ of ‘inflammation ‘ causes ‘ increased
‘ capillary‘permeability ‘and ‘pain?
A) Serotonin
B) Histamine
C) Bradykinin
D) Nitric ‘oxide
6. Inflammatory ‘exudates ‘ are ‘ a ‘ combination ‘ of ‘several ‘ types. ‘ Which
‘ of ‘ the‘following ‘exudates ‘is ‘composed ‘ of ‘enmeshed ‘necrotic ‘ cells?
A) Serous
B) Fibrinous
C) Suppurative
D) Membranous
7. The ‘ acute-phase ‘ systemic ‘ response ‘ usually ‘ begins ‘ within ‘ hours ‘ of ‘ the
‘ onset‘of ‘inflammation ‘and ‘includes:
A) fever ‘and ‘ lethargy.
B) decreased ‘ C-reactive ‘ protein.
C) positive ‘ nitrogen ‘ balance.
D) low ‘erythrocyte ‘ sedimentation ‘ rate.
8. In ‘contrast ‘ to ‘ acute ‘ inflammation, ‘ chronic ‘ inflammation ‘ is
‘ characterized ‘ by‘which ‘of ‘the ‘following ‘phenomena?
, A) Profuse ‘fibrinous ‘exudation
B) A ‘shift ‘to ‘ the ‘left ‘ of ‘granulocytes
C) Metabolic ‘ and ‘ respiratory ‘ alkalosis
D) Lymphocytosis ‘ and ‘ activated ‘ macrophages
9. Exogenous ‘ pyrogens ‘ (interleukin-1) ‘ and ‘ the ‘ presence ‘ of ‘ bacteria ‘ in ‘ the
‘ blood‘lead ‘to ‘the ‘release ‘of ‘endogenous ‘pyrogens ‘that:
A) stabilize ‘ thermal ‘control ‘in ‘the ‘ brain.
B) produce ‘ leukocytosis ‘ and ‘ anorexia.
C) block ‘viral ‘ replication ‘ in ‘cells.
D) inhibit ‘ prostaglandin ‘ release.
10 An ‘older ‘adult ‘patient ‘ has ‘just ‘sheared ‘ the ‘ skin ‘on ‘her ‘elbow ‘while
‘ attempted
. to ‘boost ‘herself ‘up ‘in ‘bed, ‘an ‘event ‘that ‘ has ‘precipitated ‘acute
‘ inflammation‘in ‘the ‘ region ‘ surrounding ‘the ‘ wound. ‘ Which ‘ of ‘the
‘ following ‘events ‘ will ‘occur ‘during ‘the ‘ vascular ‘stage ‘ of ‘the ‘ patients
‘inflammation?
A) Outpouring ‘of ‘exudate ‘ into ‘ interstitial ‘ spaces
B) Chemotaxis
C) Accumulation ‘ of ‘ leukocytes ‘ along ‘ the ‘ epithelium
D) Phagocytosis ‘ of ‘cellular ‘debris
11 Which ‘ of ‘the ‘ following ‘individuals ‘most ‘ likely ‘has ‘ the ‘ highest ‘ risk ‘ of
. experiencing ‘ chronic ‘ inflammation?
A) A ‘patient ‘ who ‘has ‘ recently ‘been ‘diagnosed ‘ with ‘type ‘ 2 ‘ diabetes
B) A ‘ patient ‘ who ‘ is ‘a ‘ carrier ‘ of ‘an ‘ antibiotic-resistant ‘ organism
C) A ‘ patient ‘ who ‘ is ‘taking ‘ oral ‘ antibiotics ‘ for ‘ an ‘ upper ‘respiratory ‘infection
D) A ‘patient ‘ who ‘is ‘morbidly ‘obese ‘and ‘ who ‘has ‘a ‘ sedentary ‘lifestyle
12 Which ‘ of ‘the ‘ following ‘ core ‘ body ‘temperatures ‘ is ‘ within ‘ normal ‘ range?
.
A) 35.9C ‘ (96.6F)
‘Clinical ‘Practice ‘1st ‘Edition ‘Tkacs ‘Test ‘Bank ‘-Questions
‘with ‘Answer ‘Key ‘At ‘the ‘end ‘of ‘Every ‘Chapter, ‘All
‘Updated
Chapter ‘ 1. ‘ THE ‘ FOUNDATIONAL ‘ CONCEPTS ‘ OF
‘ CLINICAL‘PRACTICE
1. The ‘ characteristic, ‘ localized ‘ cardinal ‘ signs ‘ of ‘ acute ‘ inflammation ‘ include:
A) fever.
B) fatigue.
C) redness.
D) granuloma.
2. The ‘vascular, ‘hemodynamic ‘stage ‘of ‘acute ‘inflammation ‘is ‘initiated ‘by
‘momentary ‘ vasoconstriction ‘ followed ‘ by ‘ vasodilation ‘ that ‘ causes
‘ localized:
A) bleeding.
B) congestion.
C) pale ‘skin.
D) coolness.
3. The ‘cellular ‘stage ‘of ‘acute ‘inflammation ‘is ‘marked ‘by ‘the ‘movement
‘ of ‘leukocytes ‘ into ‘ the ‘ area. ‘Which ‘ of ‘ the ‘ following ‘ cells ‘ arrives ‘ early
‘ in ‘ great‘numbers?
A) Basophils
B) Lymphocytes
C) Neutrophils
D) Platelets
,4. The ‘ phagocytosis ‘ process ‘involves ‘ three ‘ distinct ‘ steps. ‘ What ‘ is ‘the
‘ initial‘step ‘in ‘the ‘process?
A) Engulfment
B) Intracellular ‘ killing
C) Antigen ‘ margination
D) Recognition ‘ and ‘ adherence
5. Which ‘ of ‘ the ‘ following ‘ mediators ‘ of ‘inflammation ‘ causes ‘ increased
‘ capillary‘permeability ‘and ‘pain?
A) Serotonin
B) Histamine
C) Bradykinin
D) Nitric ‘oxide
6. Inflammatory ‘exudates ‘ are ‘ a ‘ combination ‘ of ‘several ‘ types. ‘ Which
‘ of ‘ the‘following ‘exudates ‘is ‘composed ‘ of ‘enmeshed ‘necrotic ‘ cells?
A) Serous
B) Fibrinous
C) Suppurative
D) Membranous
7. The ‘ acute-phase ‘ systemic ‘ response ‘ usually ‘ begins ‘ within ‘ hours ‘ of ‘ the
‘ onset‘of ‘inflammation ‘and ‘includes:
A) fever ‘and ‘ lethargy.
B) decreased ‘ C-reactive ‘ protein.
C) positive ‘ nitrogen ‘ balance.
D) low ‘erythrocyte ‘ sedimentation ‘ rate.
8. In ‘contrast ‘ to ‘ acute ‘ inflammation, ‘ chronic ‘ inflammation ‘ is
‘ characterized ‘ by‘which ‘of ‘the ‘following ‘phenomena?
, A) Profuse ‘fibrinous ‘exudation
B) A ‘shift ‘to ‘ the ‘left ‘ of ‘granulocytes
C) Metabolic ‘ and ‘ respiratory ‘ alkalosis
D) Lymphocytosis ‘ and ‘ activated ‘ macrophages
9. Exogenous ‘ pyrogens ‘ (interleukin-1) ‘ and ‘ the ‘ presence ‘ of ‘ bacteria ‘ in ‘ the
‘ blood‘lead ‘to ‘the ‘release ‘of ‘endogenous ‘pyrogens ‘that:
A) stabilize ‘ thermal ‘control ‘in ‘the ‘ brain.
B) produce ‘ leukocytosis ‘ and ‘ anorexia.
C) block ‘viral ‘ replication ‘ in ‘cells.
D) inhibit ‘ prostaglandin ‘ release.
10 An ‘older ‘adult ‘patient ‘ has ‘just ‘sheared ‘ the ‘ skin ‘on ‘her ‘elbow ‘while
‘ attempted
. to ‘boost ‘herself ‘up ‘in ‘bed, ‘an ‘event ‘that ‘ has ‘precipitated ‘acute
‘ inflammation‘in ‘the ‘ region ‘ surrounding ‘the ‘ wound. ‘ Which ‘ of ‘the
‘ following ‘events ‘ will ‘occur ‘during ‘the ‘ vascular ‘stage ‘ of ‘the ‘ patients
‘inflammation?
A) Outpouring ‘of ‘exudate ‘ into ‘ interstitial ‘ spaces
B) Chemotaxis
C) Accumulation ‘ of ‘ leukocytes ‘ along ‘ the ‘ epithelium
D) Phagocytosis ‘ of ‘cellular ‘debris
11 Which ‘ of ‘the ‘ following ‘individuals ‘most ‘ likely ‘has ‘ the ‘ highest ‘ risk ‘ of
. experiencing ‘ chronic ‘ inflammation?
A) A ‘patient ‘ who ‘has ‘ recently ‘been ‘diagnosed ‘ with ‘type ‘ 2 ‘ diabetes
B) A ‘ patient ‘ who ‘ is ‘a ‘ carrier ‘ of ‘an ‘ antibiotic-resistant ‘ organism
C) A ‘ patient ‘ who ‘ is ‘taking ‘ oral ‘ antibiotics ‘ for ‘ an ‘ upper ‘respiratory ‘infection
D) A ‘patient ‘ who ‘is ‘morbidly ‘obese ‘and ‘ who ‘has ‘a ‘ sedentary ‘lifestyle
12 Which ‘ of ‘the ‘ following ‘ core ‘ body ‘temperatures ‘ is ‘ within ‘ normal ‘ range?
.
A) 35.9C ‘ (96.6F)
