Phil101 UD Rogers Test 3 2025 Latest
complete study set with Questions and
simplified correct Answers that are 100%
correct and verified
Who is the father of modern philosophy? - correct answer- ✅Descartes
What is the adjective from Descartes? - correct answer- ✅Cartesian
For Medieval the point of doing philosophy is to... - correct answer- ✅...lead the good and happy life,
here and in the hereafter.
Medieval Philosophy takes it as a given that... - correct answer- ✅...we know some things and then asks
how it is that we are able to know them.
For moderns the point of doing philosophy is to... - correct answer- ✅...limit our beliefs to only those
that are properly justified...not to hold any false beliefs
Modern Philosophy starts with making a claim about how we know and then asks... - correct answer-
✅...What can we know.
Is Descartes' project skeptical or anti-skeptical? - correct answer- ✅Anti-skeptical. Wants to put
knowledge on a firm foundation.
Descartes' project distinguishes between... - correct answer- ✅....knowledge and mere belief.
According to Descartes' project, in order to have knowledge we need to justify ____. - correct answer-
✅our beliefs
___Philosopher____ is a foundaionalist. - correct answer- ✅Descartes
Basics of Foundationalism - correct answer- ✅The thought is that there are certain basic beliefs that are
justified (one way or another), such that they do not require any FURTHER justification and all of your
justified beliefs are either basic, or else they can be justified by tracing their justification back to the
basic beliefs.
Analogy o=for foundationalism. - correct answer- ✅think of an epistemic edifice (building) where the
upper parts are grounded upon the foundation.
Two types of foundationalists: - correct answer- ✅empiricists and rationalists
empiricism - correct answer- ✅All of our knowledge begins with experience
Is Descartes a rationalist or empiricist? - correct answer- ✅rationalist
rationalisim - correct answer- ✅Knowledge arises from within one's own mind, that is, from reason.
rationalism is NOT... - correct answer- ✅from the senses or from experience. These are changing and
different for different people.
knowledge characteristics: - correct answer- ✅justified belief, certainty, indubitability
Augustine def of knowledge vs Descartes' - correct answer- ✅true belief you get from direct access to
the thing known ... Descartes: true belief cannot be doubted (raised bar way higher than Augustine)
Two ways to know (following the example of mathematics) - correct answer- ✅intuition
deduction
intuition - correct answer- ✅just "see" intellectively that something is indubitably the case.
deduction - correct answer- ✅move from indubitable premises through indubitable principles to
indubitable conclusions.
Descartes' view of knowledge is a ___ epistomology - correct answer- ✅foundationalist
____ supplies the foundation of basic beliefs and then ___ constructs the edifice. - correct answer-
✅intuition
, deduction
examples of thinks that can be doubted - correct answer- ✅history, memory, other minds, presence in
room, math, logic
descartes' goal is not to make everyone a skeptic. he wants to ... - correct answer- ✅give you justified
knowledge based on a foundation of certitude (intuition) and moving step by step through certain
principles to certain conclusions (deduction).
how do we get the world back? / Is there anything you can know, from the very first, by intuition, with
absolute certitude? - correct answer- ✅Cogito ergo sum!
I think therefore I am!
Solipsism - correct answer- ✅I'm the only thing there is? Sol ipse.
Solipsism? - correct answer- ✅No, we can get much of the rest of the world back, but first we have to
prove the existence of... GOD!
Proof for God - correct answer- ✅I have ideas in my mind. (I'm sure!)
I could have made up most of these ideas myself, however I could not have made up the idea of God.
I could not have made up the idea of God. Why not? - correct answer- ✅My idea of God is an idea of a
perfect and unlimited being. As a limited being I could not have generated the idea out of myself. (No
limited being, even the evil genius, could produce such an idea in me.)
Couldn't I produce the idea just by considering my limitation and negating them? - correct answer-
✅No, because I couldn't recognize that I am limited if I didn't already have an idea of a perfect being.
Therefore only God could have given me that idea, so there is a God!
But how does this get back (at least some of) those things we doubted? - correct answer- ✅God won't
allow systematic deception. (• He will allow the occasional mistake, but not radical deception about
almost everything.)
Since there's a God, we must trust what we perceive clearly and distinctly because... - correct answer-
✅we can rule out the hypothesis of the evil genius.
Note first that Descartes has set himself a very difficult task because - correct answer- ✅He aims for
certitude at the foundation and certainty in all the steps. If we find any step to be open to serious doubt,
then the edifice collapses.
Is the Proof for God absolutely certain? - correct answer- ✅No.
doubtful: It is true that God wouldn't allow systematic deception? - correct answer- ✅• A. Couldn't
there just possibly be a situation in which systematic deception is a good thing? (Cypher in The Matrix)
God wouldn't allow systematic deception...
• B. God allows all sorts of evil. Can I be certain He'd draw the line at my being deceived?
problems - correct answer- ✅• 1) Proof for God is not absolutely certain.
• 2) We can't be sure God wouldn't allow systematic deception.
• 3) At the beginning of the process Descartes says we can doubt the laws of logic! This may be the worst
one!
problem of doubting logic expanded - correct answer- ✅If you doubt the laws of logic, then you cannot
offer any arguments, since arguments assume the truth of logic. (example of begging the question)
begging the question - correct answer- ✅assuming what you are claiming to prove.
Dualism - correct answer- ✅you are an immaterial mind and a material body. (Note that the issue is not
soul and body, but rather just the "reasoning part".)
Materialism - correct answer- ✅you are just your body. (Also sometimes called "physicalism" nowadays
basically.)
option 3 - correct answer- ✅You are ONLY Mind.
Cartesian dualism similar to ______. - correct answer- ✅platonic dualism
Cartesian dualism - correct answer- ✅• We are mind (immaterial) associated with body (material), and
the two somehow interact.
complete study set with Questions and
simplified correct Answers that are 100%
correct and verified
Who is the father of modern philosophy? - correct answer- ✅Descartes
What is the adjective from Descartes? - correct answer- ✅Cartesian
For Medieval the point of doing philosophy is to... - correct answer- ✅...lead the good and happy life,
here and in the hereafter.
Medieval Philosophy takes it as a given that... - correct answer- ✅...we know some things and then asks
how it is that we are able to know them.
For moderns the point of doing philosophy is to... - correct answer- ✅...limit our beliefs to only those
that are properly justified...not to hold any false beliefs
Modern Philosophy starts with making a claim about how we know and then asks... - correct answer-
✅...What can we know.
Is Descartes' project skeptical or anti-skeptical? - correct answer- ✅Anti-skeptical. Wants to put
knowledge on a firm foundation.
Descartes' project distinguishes between... - correct answer- ✅....knowledge and mere belief.
According to Descartes' project, in order to have knowledge we need to justify ____. - correct answer-
✅our beliefs
___Philosopher____ is a foundaionalist. - correct answer- ✅Descartes
Basics of Foundationalism - correct answer- ✅The thought is that there are certain basic beliefs that are
justified (one way or another), such that they do not require any FURTHER justification and all of your
justified beliefs are either basic, or else they can be justified by tracing their justification back to the
basic beliefs.
Analogy o=for foundationalism. - correct answer- ✅think of an epistemic edifice (building) where the
upper parts are grounded upon the foundation.
Two types of foundationalists: - correct answer- ✅empiricists and rationalists
empiricism - correct answer- ✅All of our knowledge begins with experience
Is Descartes a rationalist or empiricist? - correct answer- ✅rationalist
rationalisim - correct answer- ✅Knowledge arises from within one's own mind, that is, from reason.
rationalism is NOT... - correct answer- ✅from the senses or from experience. These are changing and
different for different people.
knowledge characteristics: - correct answer- ✅justified belief, certainty, indubitability
Augustine def of knowledge vs Descartes' - correct answer- ✅true belief you get from direct access to
the thing known ... Descartes: true belief cannot be doubted (raised bar way higher than Augustine)
Two ways to know (following the example of mathematics) - correct answer- ✅intuition
deduction
intuition - correct answer- ✅just "see" intellectively that something is indubitably the case.
deduction - correct answer- ✅move from indubitable premises through indubitable principles to
indubitable conclusions.
Descartes' view of knowledge is a ___ epistomology - correct answer- ✅foundationalist
____ supplies the foundation of basic beliefs and then ___ constructs the edifice. - correct answer-
✅intuition
, deduction
examples of thinks that can be doubted - correct answer- ✅history, memory, other minds, presence in
room, math, logic
descartes' goal is not to make everyone a skeptic. he wants to ... - correct answer- ✅give you justified
knowledge based on a foundation of certitude (intuition) and moving step by step through certain
principles to certain conclusions (deduction).
how do we get the world back? / Is there anything you can know, from the very first, by intuition, with
absolute certitude? - correct answer- ✅Cogito ergo sum!
I think therefore I am!
Solipsism - correct answer- ✅I'm the only thing there is? Sol ipse.
Solipsism? - correct answer- ✅No, we can get much of the rest of the world back, but first we have to
prove the existence of... GOD!
Proof for God - correct answer- ✅I have ideas in my mind. (I'm sure!)
I could have made up most of these ideas myself, however I could not have made up the idea of God.
I could not have made up the idea of God. Why not? - correct answer- ✅My idea of God is an idea of a
perfect and unlimited being. As a limited being I could not have generated the idea out of myself. (No
limited being, even the evil genius, could produce such an idea in me.)
Couldn't I produce the idea just by considering my limitation and negating them? - correct answer-
✅No, because I couldn't recognize that I am limited if I didn't already have an idea of a perfect being.
Therefore only God could have given me that idea, so there is a God!
But how does this get back (at least some of) those things we doubted? - correct answer- ✅God won't
allow systematic deception. (• He will allow the occasional mistake, but not radical deception about
almost everything.)
Since there's a God, we must trust what we perceive clearly and distinctly because... - correct answer-
✅we can rule out the hypothesis of the evil genius.
Note first that Descartes has set himself a very difficult task because - correct answer- ✅He aims for
certitude at the foundation and certainty in all the steps. If we find any step to be open to serious doubt,
then the edifice collapses.
Is the Proof for God absolutely certain? - correct answer- ✅No.
doubtful: It is true that God wouldn't allow systematic deception? - correct answer- ✅• A. Couldn't
there just possibly be a situation in which systematic deception is a good thing? (Cypher in The Matrix)
God wouldn't allow systematic deception...
• B. God allows all sorts of evil. Can I be certain He'd draw the line at my being deceived?
problems - correct answer- ✅• 1) Proof for God is not absolutely certain.
• 2) We can't be sure God wouldn't allow systematic deception.
• 3) At the beginning of the process Descartes says we can doubt the laws of logic! This may be the worst
one!
problem of doubting logic expanded - correct answer- ✅If you doubt the laws of logic, then you cannot
offer any arguments, since arguments assume the truth of logic. (example of begging the question)
begging the question - correct answer- ✅assuming what you are claiming to prove.
Dualism - correct answer- ✅you are an immaterial mind and a material body. (Note that the issue is not
soul and body, but rather just the "reasoning part".)
Materialism - correct answer- ✅you are just your body. (Also sometimes called "physicalism" nowadays
basically.)
option 3 - correct answer- ✅You are ONLY Mind.
Cartesian dualism similar to ______. - correct answer- ✅platonic dualism
Cartesian dualism - correct answer- ✅• We are mind (immaterial) associated with body (material), and
the two somehow interact.
