BCHM 4611 EXAM 3 QUESTIONS
WITH ACTUAL SOLUTIONS GRADED
A+
1 of
116
Term
What conditions promote photorespiration?
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Within the stroma, in flattened vesicles called thylakoids (also contain electron
transport chain and ATP synthase)
, Uses other intermediates (fructose-6-phosphate and glyceraldehyde-3-
phosphate) from glycolysis to produce ribose-5-phosphate
Occurs when CO2 supply is insufficient for carbon fixation; consequence
of the competition between O2 and CO2 for use as ribulose bisphosphate
carboxylase (RuBisCO) substrate
Energy may be stored in reduced cofactors,
phosphoanhydride bonds (eg. ATP), or thioester bonds (eg. Acetyl-CoA)
Don't know?
2 of 116
Term
What molecules act as inhibitors for glycolysis?
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Primarily extracellular or Glycogen first, then fats, then
membrane proteins proteins
E1 (pyruvate dehydrogenase), E2,
G6P, ATP, citrate, and PEP and E3
Don't know?
3 of 116
,Term
Calvin cycle requires...
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Activator and substrate for step
10, inhibitor of step 3 Causes scurvy
In the cytosol ATP and NADPH
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4 of 116
Term
How is glycolysis regulated (generally)?
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By the antigens present in the donor's blood and the antibodies present in the
recipient's blood; antigens must not be targeted by the antibodies of the
recipient's blood, causing the blood to agglutinate
When a branch has only 4 glucose residues, a debranching enzyme moves 3
residues to the main chain and then cleaves the alpha(1,6) branch point
, Glycan chains are parallel to the cell surface and are arranged with enough
space in between to allow nutrients and wastes to easily diffuse to and from the
cell surface; carbohydrate chains are relatively stiff but peptide cross-links are
more elastic and accommodate cell shape changes
High concentrations of glycolytic products such as ATP + PEP inhibit further
glycolysis, while molecules that indicate a low energy "charge" in the cell
such as AMP + ADP activate glycolysis
Don't know?
5 of 116
Definition
Outer membrane, inner membrane, stroma, thylakoid membrane,
thylakoid lumen
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Mitochondria structure (superficial Vitamin B1 (thiamine) physiological
to deep) role
Chloroplast structure How are the branch points in
(superficial to glycogen created?
deep)
Don't know?
6 of 116
WITH ACTUAL SOLUTIONS GRADED
A+
1 of
116
Term
What conditions promote photorespiration?
Give this one a try later!
Within the stroma, in flattened vesicles called thylakoids (also contain electron
transport chain and ATP synthase)
, Uses other intermediates (fructose-6-phosphate and glyceraldehyde-3-
phosphate) from glycolysis to produce ribose-5-phosphate
Occurs when CO2 supply is insufficient for carbon fixation; consequence
of the competition between O2 and CO2 for use as ribulose bisphosphate
carboxylase (RuBisCO) substrate
Energy may be stored in reduced cofactors,
phosphoanhydride bonds (eg. ATP), or thioester bonds (eg. Acetyl-CoA)
Don't know?
2 of 116
Term
What molecules act as inhibitors for glycolysis?
Give this one a try later!
Primarily extracellular or Glycogen first, then fats, then
membrane proteins proteins
E1 (pyruvate dehydrogenase), E2,
G6P, ATP, citrate, and PEP and E3
Don't know?
3 of 116
,Term
Calvin cycle requires...
Give this one a try later!
Activator and substrate for step
10, inhibitor of step 3 Causes scurvy
In the cytosol ATP and NADPH
Don't know?
4 of 116
Term
How is glycolysis regulated (generally)?
Give this one a try later!
By the antigens present in the donor's blood and the antibodies present in the
recipient's blood; antigens must not be targeted by the antibodies of the
recipient's blood, causing the blood to agglutinate
When a branch has only 4 glucose residues, a debranching enzyme moves 3
residues to the main chain and then cleaves the alpha(1,6) branch point
, Glycan chains are parallel to the cell surface and are arranged with enough
space in between to allow nutrients and wastes to easily diffuse to and from the
cell surface; carbohydrate chains are relatively stiff but peptide cross-links are
more elastic and accommodate cell shape changes
High concentrations of glycolytic products such as ATP + PEP inhibit further
glycolysis, while molecules that indicate a low energy "charge" in the cell
such as AMP + ADP activate glycolysis
Don't know?
5 of 116
Definition
Outer membrane, inner membrane, stroma, thylakoid membrane,
thylakoid lumen
Give this one a try later!
Mitochondria structure (superficial Vitamin B1 (thiamine) physiological
to deep) role
Chloroplast structure How are the branch points in
(superficial to glycogen created?
deep)
Don't know?
6 of 116
