SEMI 4853
QUALITY ENGINEERING
SECTION
2x3 Factorial Design Report
Design of Experiment and Statistical Analysis for Landing
Time of Bottle Parachute
B21EM0020
B20EM0046
A20EM0355
A20EM0341
A20EM0339
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA
DECEMBER 2023
,1.0 Design of Experiment (DOE)
In the pursuit of enhancing the efficiency and reliability of bottle parachutes, a
comprehensive study employing a 2x3 Factorial Design has been conducted. This project
focuses on the critical parameters influencing the landing time of a bottle parachute, a crucial
aspect in optimizing the descent and ensuring safe landings. The factors under investigation
include the type of material surface, the surface area of the parachute, and the length of the
rope. These factors have been selected based on their potential impact on the parachute's
aerodynamics and overall performance during descent.
The experiment is conducted under controlled conditions, with a fixed drop height of 8
meters and a consistent load of 100 grams. By systematically varying these three factors in a
2x3 factorial design, we aim to discern the individual and interactive effects of each factor on
the landing time. This structured experimental design allows for a thorough exploration of the
parameter space, providing insights into the optimal combination of material surface, surface
area, and rope length for minimizing the landing time.
The landing time, considered as the response variable, serves as a quantitative metric
for assessing the efficiency of the bottle parachute design. A slower landing time indicates
improved aerodynamic drag and, potentially, a more reliable descent mechanism. The
experimental outcomes will be analysed using ANOVA method to identify significant factors
and interactions, guiding the refinement of bottle parachute design for enhanced performance
and safety. This study contributes to the broader field of aeronautical engineering and
experimental design, offering valuable insights into the intricate dynamics of parachute
systems.
1
, - Plastic
A Material Type
+ Parchment Paper
- 46 𝑐𝑚2
Factors B Surface Area
+ 53 𝑐𝑚2
- 30 𝑐𝑚
C Length of Rope
+ 60 𝑐𝑚
Response Landing Time (𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑠)
Replicates (𝒏) 3
Weight of the bottle 100 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚
Fixed Parameters Drop Height 8 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠
Material of the Bottle Plastic
Table 1: Summarized Design of Experiment for Landing Time of Bottle Parachute
There is no significant difference in the mean
H0 𝜏1 = 𝜏2 = 0
landing time between different material type
1
There is a significant difference in the mean
H1 At least one 𝜏𝑖 ≠ 0
landing time between different material type
There is no significant difference in the mean
H0 𝛽1 = 𝛽2 = 0
landing time between different surface area
2
There is a significant difference in the mean
H1 At least one 𝛽𝑗 ≠ 0
landing time between different surface area
There is no significant difference in the mean
landing time between plastic and paper
H0 𝜏𝛽11 = 𝜏𝛽12 = ⋯ = 𝜏𝛽𝑎𝑏 = 0
parachute designs, regardless of the parachute’s
3
area.
There is a significant difference in the mean
H1 At least one 𝜏𝛽𝑖𝑗 ≠ 0
landing time between plastic and paper
2
, parachute designs, considering the parachute’s
area.
There is no significant difference in the mean
H0 𝛾1 = 𝛾2 = 0
landing time between different length of rope
4
There is a significant difference in the mean
H1 At least one 𝛾𝑗 ≠ 0
landing time between different length of rope
There is no significant difference in the mean
landing time between plastic and paper
H0 𝜏𝛾11 = 𝜏𝛾12 = ⋯ = 𝜏𝛾𝑎𝑏 = 0
parachute designs, regardless of the parachute’s
length of rope.
5
There is a significant difference in the mean
landing time between plastic and paper
H1 At least one 𝜏𝛾𝑖𝑗 ≠ 0
parachute designs, regardless of the parachute’s
length of rope.
There is no significant difference in the mean
𝛽𝛾11 = 𝛽𝛾12 = ⋯ = 𝛽𝛾𝑎𝑏 landing time between different surface area of
H0
=0 the parachute designs, regardless of the
parachute’s length of rope.
6
There is a significant difference in the mean
landing time between different surface area of
H1 At least one 𝛽𝛾𝑖𝑗 ≠ 0
the parachute designs, regardless of the
parachute’s length of rope.
There is no significant difference in the mean
𝜏𝛽𝛾11 = 𝜏𝛽𝛾12 = ⋯ = 𝜏𝛽𝛾𝑎𝑏 landing time between different material type of
H0
=0 the parachute designs, regardless of the
parachute’s surface area and length of rope.
7
There is a significant difference in the mean
landing time between different material type of
H1 At least one 𝜏𝛽𝛾𝑖𝑗 ≠ 0
the parachute designs, regardless of the
parachute’s surface area and length of rope.
Table 2: Hypothesis of the Experiment
3
QUALITY ENGINEERING
SECTION
2x3 Factorial Design Report
Design of Experiment and Statistical Analysis for Landing
Time of Bottle Parachute
B21EM0020
B20EM0046
A20EM0355
A20EM0341
A20EM0339
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA
DECEMBER 2023
,1.0 Design of Experiment (DOE)
In the pursuit of enhancing the efficiency and reliability of bottle parachutes, a
comprehensive study employing a 2x3 Factorial Design has been conducted. This project
focuses on the critical parameters influencing the landing time of a bottle parachute, a crucial
aspect in optimizing the descent and ensuring safe landings. The factors under investigation
include the type of material surface, the surface area of the parachute, and the length of the
rope. These factors have been selected based on their potential impact on the parachute's
aerodynamics and overall performance during descent.
The experiment is conducted under controlled conditions, with a fixed drop height of 8
meters and a consistent load of 100 grams. By systematically varying these three factors in a
2x3 factorial design, we aim to discern the individual and interactive effects of each factor on
the landing time. This structured experimental design allows for a thorough exploration of the
parameter space, providing insights into the optimal combination of material surface, surface
area, and rope length for minimizing the landing time.
The landing time, considered as the response variable, serves as a quantitative metric
for assessing the efficiency of the bottle parachute design. A slower landing time indicates
improved aerodynamic drag and, potentially, a more reliable descent mechanism. The
experimental outcomes will be analysed using ANOVA method to identify significant factors
and interactions, guiding the refinement of bottle parachute design for enhanced performance
and safety. This study contributes to the broader field of aeronautical engineering and
experimental design, offering valuable insights into the intricate dynamics of parachute
systems.
1
, - Plastic
A Material Type
+ Parchment Paper
- 46 𝑐𝑚2
Factors B Surface Area
+ 53 𝑐𝑚2
- 30 𝑐𝑚
C Length of Rope
+ 60 𝑐𝑚
Response Landing Time (𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑠)
Replicates (𝒏) 3
Weight of the bottle 100 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚
Fixed Parameters Drop Height 8 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠
Material of the Bottle Plastic
Table 1: Summarized Design of Experiment for Landing Time of Bottle Parachute
There is no significant difference in the mean
H0 𝜏1 = 𝜏2 = 0
landing time between different material type
1
There is a significant difference in the mean
H1 At least one 𝜏𝑖 ≠ 0
landing time between different material type
There is no significant difference in the mean
H0 𝛽1 = 𝛽2 = 0
landing time between different surface area
2
There is a significant difference in the mean
H1 At least one 𝛽𝑗 ≠ 0
landing time between different surface area
There is no significant difference in the mean
landing time between plastic and paper
H0 𝜏𝛽11 = 𝜏𝛽12 = ⋯ = 𝜏𝛽𝑎𝑏 = 0
parachute designs, regardless of the parachute’s
3
area.
There is a significant difference in the mean
H1 At least one 𝜏𝛽𝑖𝑗 ≠ 0
landing time between plastic and paper
2
, parachute designs, considering the parachute’s
area.
There is no significant difference in the mean
H0 𝛾1 = 𝛾2 = 0
landing time between different length of rope
4
There is a significant difference in the mean
H1 At least one 𝛾𝑗 ≠ 0
landing time between different length of rope
There is no significant difference in the mean
landing time between plastic and paper
H0 𝜏𝛾11 = 𝜏𝛾12 = ⋯ = 𝜏𝛾𝑎𝑏 = 0
parachute designs, regardless of the parachute’s
length of rope.
5
There is a significant difference in the mean
landing time between plastic and paper
H1 At least one 𝜏𝛾𝑖𝑗 ≠ 0
parachute designs, regardless of the parachute’s
length of rope.
There is no significant difference in the mean
𝛽𝛾11 = 𝛽𝛾12 = ⋯ = 𝛽𝛾𝑎𝑏 landing time between different surface area of
H0
=0 the parachute designs, regardless of the
parachute’s length of rope.
6
There is a significant difference in the mean
landing time between different surface area of
H1 At least one 𝛽𝛾𝑖𝑗 ≠ 0
the parachute designs, regardless of the
parachute’s length of rope.
There is no significant difference in the mean
𝜏𝛽𝛾11 = 𝜏𝛽𝛾12 = ⋯ = 𝜏𝛽𝛾𝑎𝑏 landing time between different material type of
H0
=0 the parachute designs, regardless of the
parachute’s surface area and length of rope.
7
There is a significant difference in the mean
landing time between different material type of
H1 At least one 𝜏𝛽𝛾𝑖𝑗 ≠ 0
the parachute designs, regardless of the
parachute’s surface area and length of rope.
Table 2: Hypothesis of the Experiment
3
