BIOC0006 :PROTEOGLYCANS
What are proteoglycans responsible for
The viscoelastic properties of the joints
How many well known proteoglycans are there?
Four
What are the four most well known proteoglycans?
1. Hyaluronate
2. Chondroitin-4-sulphate
3. Chondroitin-6-sulphate
4. Keratan sulphate
5. (Bonus) heparin
What kind of macromolecule are proteoglycans, and what are some functional
groups that all have?
Disaccharides
-negatively charged carboxyl groups
-all have sulphate groups, except for hyaluronate
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)
Disaccharides repeating units present in the extracellular matrix
What are glycosaminoglycans derivatives of, and what does this contribute as
functional groups?
Amino sugars
-NH-CO-CH3
Or
-NH-SO3-
Where are the amino group of proteoglycans located?
Second sugar, position 2 of the carbon
Where are proteoglycans aggregates found?
The extracellular matrix
What is the structure of a proteoglycan aggregate?
Long hyaluronate chain to which chondroitin sulphate and keratan sulphate are also
bound
-interactions are stabilised by link proteins
-core proteins are also bound
What are proteoglycan aggregates important for?
Cartilage, stabilises the elastic structure of it
What does the shape of proteoglycan aggregates look like?
Bottlebrush
What type of cell generates cartilage?
Chondrocyte, secretes the extracellular matrix, proteoglycan aggregates, collagen
How many people die of emphysema a year in the UK?
30000
What are proteoglycans responsible for
The viscoelastic properties of the joints
How many well known proteoglycans are there?
Four
What are the four most well known proteoglycans?
1. Hyaluronate
2. Chondroitin-4-sulphate
3. Chondroitin-6-sulphate
4. Keratan sulphate
5. (Bonus) heparin
What kind of macromolecule are proteoglycans, and what are some functional
groups that all have?
Disaccharides
-negatively charged carboxyl groups
-all have sulphate groups, except for hyaluronate
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)
Disaccharides repeating units present in the extracellular matrix
What are glycosaminoglycans derivatives of, and what does this contribute as
functional groups?
Amino sugars
-NH-CO-CH3
Or
-NH-SO3-
Where are the amino group of proteoglycans located?
Second sugar, position 2 of the carbon
Where are proteoglycans aggregates found?
The extracellular matrix
What is the structure of a proteoglycan aggregate?
Long hyaluronate chain to which chondroitin sulphate and keratan sulphate are also
bound
-interactions are stabilised by link proteins
-core proteins are also bound
What are proteoglycan aggregates important for?
Cartilage, stabilises the elastic structure of it
What does the shape of proteoglycan aggregates look like?
Bottlebrush
What type of cell generates cartilage?
Chondrocyte, secretes the extracellular matrix, proteoglycan aggregates, collagen
How many people die of emphysema a year in the UK?
30000
