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AQA A level Biology Essay

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AQA A level Biology Essay The importance of responses to changes in the internal and external environment of an organism. - Accurate answers Control of heart rate (changes in pH and pressure) Control of blood glucose (glucagon and insulin) Osmoregulation (water potential changes) Action potentials/ pacinian corpuscles (stimulus) Muscle contraction (calcium ions) Synaptic transmission (calcium ions) Natural selection (new allele) Immune response (pathogens)

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AQA A level Biology Essay
The importance of responses to changes in the internal and external environment of
an organism. - Accurate answers Control of heart rate (changes in pH and
pressure)
Control of blood glucose (glucagon and insulin)
Osmoregulation (water potential changes)
Action potentials/ pacinian corpuscles (stimulus)
Muscle contraction (calcium ions)
Synaptic transmission (calcium ions)
Natural selection (new allele)
Immune response (pathogens)


The importance of diffusion in organisms. - Accurate answers Synaptic
transmission (diffusion of neurotransmitters)
Tropism (diffusion of auxin)
Loop of Henle (diffusion of sodium ions at bottom of ascending limb)
Human gas exchange (diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide)
Respiration (diffusion of hydrogen ions through ATP synthase)
Co-transport (diffusion of sodium ions back into epithelial cells and facilitated
diffusion of glucose or amino acids into blood)


The functions of enzymes and their importance in organisms. - Accurate answers
Respiration (NAD, FAD and CoA)
Photosynthesis (NADP)
ATP (hydrolase and synthase)
Synaptic transmission (acetylcholinesterase)
Muscle contraction (ATP hydrolase)
Blood glucose (adenylyl cyclase)
DNA Replication (DNA helicase and DNA polymerase)
Transcription (RNA polymerase)

, The importance of receptors in living organisms. - Accurate answers Synaptic
transmission (neurotransmitters bind to receptors)
Blood glucose (Insulin binds to receptors)
Osmoregulation (ADH binds to receptors and osmoreceptors)
Control of heart rate (baroreceptors and chemoreceptors)
Pacinian corpuscles lead to action potentials (mechanoreceptors)
HIV (binds to CD4 receptors on host cell)
Phagocytosis (phagocyte binds to receptors on pathogen)


The importance of shapes fitting together in cells and organisms. - Accurate
answers Antibodies/ elisa tests
Phagocytosis
Enzymes and substrates
Synaptic transmission (neurotransmitters bind to receptors)
Transcription factors (oestrogen receptors on TF)
Translation (anticodon complementary to codon)
Muscle contraction


Write an essay about cycles. - Accurate answers Synaptic transmission
(cycling of neurotransmitters)
Cardiac cycle
Nitrogen cycle
Phosphorus cycle
Control of blood glucose
DNA replication
Krebs cycle
Calvin cycle
Breathing


The importance of transport in organisms. - Accurate answers Haemoglobin
(transport of oxygen)

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