AQA A LEVEL BIOLOGY IMMUNOLOGY Questions With
Accurate Answers
describe how B-lymphocytes respond when stimulated by antigens. - Accurate answers divide by
mitosis; produce plasma cells; which make antibodies; and produce memory cells
What is an antigen? - Accurate answers A protein that stimulates an immune response.
What are monoclonal antibodies? - Accurate answers Antibodies produced from a single group of
B-cells and are specific to one antigen. B-cells form 'hybridomas' with tumour cells.
Explain why there is a low risk of a disease spreading when vaccination levels reach 95%. - Accurate
answers Most people are immune; and only a small number of people remain susceptible; so there
is little chance of contact with an infected individual.
Describe how a pathogen is destroyed by phagocytosis. - Accurate answers Phagocyte recognises
foreign antigen; pathogen engulfed; and enclosed in vesicle; vesicle fuses with lysosome; which contains
enzymes that digest the pathogen.
Explain why antibodies are only effective against a specific pathogen. - Accurate answers Antigens
on pathogen are a specific shape; antibodies are complementary to this shape only.
How can antigens show that animals are genetically similar? - Accurate answers Antigen
production is determined by genes; the more similar the antigens are the more similar their genres are.
What is an antibody? - Accurate answers a protein produced in response to a specific antigen and
produced by B-cells.
Accurate Answers
describe how B-lymphocytes respond when stimulated by antigens. - Accurate answers divide by
mitosis; produce plasma cells; which make antibodies; and produce memory cells
What is an antigen? - Accurate answers A protein that stimulates an immune response.
What are monoclonal antibodies? - Accurate answers Antibodies produced from a single group of
B-cells and are specific to one antigen. B-cells form 'hybridomas' with tumour cells.
Explain why there is a low risk of a disease spreading when vaccination levels reach 95%. - Accurate
answers Most people are immune; and only a small number of people remain susceptible; so there
is little chance of contact with an infected individual.
Describe how a pathogen is destroyed by phagocytosis. - Accurate answers Phagocyte recognises
foreign antigen; pathogen engulfed; and enclosed in vesicle; vesicle fuses with lysosome; which contains
enzymes that digest the pathogen.
Explain why antibodies are only effective against a specific pathogen. - Accurate answers Antigens
on pathogen are a specific shape; antibodies are complementary to this shape only.
How can antigens show that animals are genetically similar? - Accurate answers Antigen
production is determined by genes; the more similar the antigens are the more similar their genres are.
What is an antibody? - Accurate answers a protein produced in response to a specific antigen and
produced by B-cells.
