AQA A-LEVEL BIOLOGY Questions With Accurate Answers
Describe eukaryotic cells - Accurate answers They are complex cells and include all animal and
plant cells, as well as all algae and fungi cells.
What does it mean if a organism is eukaryotic? - Accurate answers It is a multi-cellular organism
that is made up of eukaryotic cells.
What is an organelle? - Accurate answers A part of a cell that plays a specific role.
Name the organelles you might find in an animal cell - Accurate answers 1)Plasma cell surface
membrane
2)Rough/smooth endoplasmic reticulum
3)nucleus (nucleolus)
4)lysosome
5)ribosome
6)Golgi apparatus
7)cytoplasm
8)mitochondrion
Name the organelles you might find in a plant cell - Accurate answers 1)Plasma cell surface
membrane
2)cellulose wall
3)chloroplast
4)rough/smooth endoplasmic reticulum
,5)mitochondrion
6)Golgi apparatus
7)vacuole
8)cytoplasm
9)nucleus
10) ribosome
How are algal cells similar to plant cells? - Accurate answers They have the same organelles.
How are fungal cells different to plant cells? - Accurate answers Their cell walls are made of chitin,
not cellulose.
They don't have chloroplasts because they don't need to photosynthesise
Describe the cell surface plasma membrane.
Outline the functions. - Accurate answers It is found on the inside of cells that also have a cell wall
(plants), and is mainly made up of lipids and proteins.
It controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell. It also has receptor molecules on it, to
allow it to respond to chemicals like hormones.
Name the components of the nucleus - Accurate answers 1)nucleolus
2)nuclear envelope
3)nucleoplasm
4)nuclear pores
5)chromatin
Describe the nucleus.
Outline the functions. - Accurate answers A large organelle surrounded by a nuclear envelope
which contains many pores. The nucleus contains chromosomes.
The nucleus controls the cell's activities by controlling the transcription of DNA. The pores allow
substances to move between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. The nucleolus makes ribosomes.
Describe mitochondrion.
Outline the functions. - Accurate answers They are usually oval-shaped and have a double
membrane. The inner membrane is folded to form structures called cristae. Inside is the matrix, which
contains enzymes involved in respiration.
The site of aerobic respiration, where ATP is produced. They are found in large numbers in cells that are
very active and require a lot of energy.
Describe the structure of chloroplasts.
Outline the functions. - Accurate answers A small, flattened structure found in plant and algal cells.
It is surrounded by a double membrane, and has membrane inside called thylakoid membranes. They
are stacked up in some parts to form grana. Grana are linked together by lamellae.
The site where photosynthesis takes place. Some parts happen in the grana, and other parts happen in
the stroma. (thick fluid found in chloroplasts)
, Describe the structure of the Golgi apparatus.
Outline the functions. - Accurate answers A group of fluid-filled, membrane-bound, flattened sacs.
Vesicles are often seen at the edges of the sacs.
It processes and packages new lipids and proteins. It also makes lysosomes.
Describe the structure of a Golgi vesicle.
Outline the functions. - Accurate answers A small fluid-filled sac in the cytoplasm, surrounded by a
membrane, and produced by the Golgi apparatus.
Stores lipids and proteins made by the Golgi apparatus and transports them out of the cell via the cell
surface membrane.
Describe the structure of a lysosome.
Outline the functions. - Accurate answers A round organelle surrounded by a membrane, with no
clear internal structure. It's a type of Golgi vesicle.
Contains digestive enzymes called lysozymes, that are kept separate from the cytoplasm by the
membrane. They can be used to digest invading cells or the break down worn out components of the
cell.
Describe the structure of a ribosome.
Outline the functions. - Accurate answers A very small organelle that either floats free in the
cytoplasm or is attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum. It is made up of proteins and RNA, and is
not surrounded by a membrane.
It is the site where proteins are made.
Describe the structure of the rough endoplasmic reticulum. (RER)
Outline the functions. - Accurate answers A system of membranes enclosing a fluid-filled space.
The surface is covered with ribosomes.
They fold and process proteins that have been made at the ribosomes.
Describe the structure of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum. (SER)
Outline the functions. - Accurate answers A system of membranes enclosing a fluid-filled space.
The surface is completely smooth.
Synthesises and processes lipids.
Describe the structure of the cell wall.
Outline the functions. - Accurate answers A rigid structure that surrounds cells in plants, algae and
fungi. In plants and algae its mainly made from cellulose, but it in fungi it is made of chitin.
It supports the cell and prevents them from changing shape.
Describe the structure of the cell vacuole.
Describe eukaryotic cells - Accurate answers They are complex cells and include all animal and
plant cells, as well as all algae and fungi cells.
What does it mean if a organism is eukaryotic? - Accurate answers It is a multi-cellular organism
that is made up of eukaryotic cells.
What is an organelle? - Accurate answers A part of a cell that plays a specific role.
Name the organelles you might find in an animal cell - Accurate answers 1)Plasma cell surface
membrane
2)Rough/smooth endoplasmic reticulum
3)nucleus (nucleolus)
4)lysosome
5)ribosome
6)Golgi apparatus
7)cytoplasm
8)mitochondrion
Name the organelles you might find in a plant cell - Accurate answers 1)Plasma cell surface
membrane
2)cellulose wall
3)chloroplast
4)rough/smooth endoplasmic reticulum
,5)mitochondrion
6)Golgi apparatus
7)vacuole
8)cytoplasm
9)nucleus
10) ribosome
How are algal cells similar to plant cells? - Accurate answers They have the same organelles.
How are fungal cells different to plant cells? - Accurate answers Their cell walls are made of chitin,
not cellulose.
They don't have chloroplasts because they don't need to photosynthesise
Describe the cell surface plasma membrane.
Outline the functions. - Accurate answers It is found on the inside of cells that also have a cell wall
(plants), and is mainly made up of lipids and proteins.
It controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell. It also has receptor molecules on it, to
allow it to respond to chemicals like hormones.
Name the components of the nucleus - Accurate answers 1)nucleolus
2)nuclear envelope
3)nucleoplasm
4)nuclear pores
5)chromatin
Describe the nucleus.
Outline the functions. - Accurate answers A large organelle surrounded by a nuclear envelope
which contains many pores. The nucleus contains chromosomes.
The nucleus controls the cell's activities by controlling the transcription of DNA. The pores allow
substances to move between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. The nucleolus makes ribosomes.
Describe mitochondrion.
Outline the functions. - Accurate answers They are usually oval-shaped and have a double
membrane. The inner membrane is folded to form structures called cristae. Inside is the matrix, which
contains enzymes involved in respiration.
The site of aerobic respiration, where ATP is produced. They are found in large numbers in cells that are
very active and require a lot of energy.
Describe the structure of chloroplasts.
Outline the functions. - Accurate answers A small, flattened structure found in plant and algal cells.
It is surrounded by a double membrane, and has membrane inside called thylakoid membranes. They
are stacked up in some parts to form grana. Grana are linked together by lamellae.
The site where photosynthesis takes place. Some parts happen in the grana, and other parts happen in
the stroma. (thick fluid found in chloroplasts)
, Describe the structure of the Golgi apparatus.
Outline the functions. - Accurate answers A group of fluid-filled, membrane-bound, flattened sacs.
Vesicles are often seen at the edges of the sacs.
It processes and packages new lipids and proteins. It also makes lysosomes.
Describe the structure of a Golgi vesicle.
Outline the functions. - Accurate answers A small fluid-filled sac in the cytoplasm, surrounded by a
membrane, and produced by the Golgi apparatus.
Stores lipids and proteins made by the Golgi apparatus and transports them out of the cell via the cell
surface membrane.
Describe the structure of a lysosome.
Outline the functions. - Accurate answers A round organelle surrounded by a membrane, with no
clear internal structure. It's a type of Golgi vesicle.
Contains digestive enzymes called lysozymes, that are kept separate from the cytoplasm by the
membrane. They can be used to digest invading cells or the break down worn out components of the
cell.
Describe the structure of a ribosome.
Outline the functions. - Accurate answers A very small organelle that either floats free in the
cytoplasm or is attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum. It is made up of proteins and RNA, and is
not surrounded by a membrane.
It is the site where proteins are made.
Describe the structure of the rough endoplasmic reticulum. (RER)
Outline the functions. - Accurate answers A system of membranes enclosing a fluid-filled space.
The surface is covered with ribosomes.
They fold and process proteins that have been made at the ribosomes.
Describe the structure of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum. (SER)
Outline the functions. - Accurate answers A system of membranes enclosing a fluid-filled space.
The surface is completely smooth.
Synthesises and processes lipids.
Describe the structure of the cell wall.
Outline the functions. - Accurate answers A rigid structure that surrounds cells in plants, algae and
fungi. In plants and algae its mainly made from cellulose, but it in fungi it is made of chitin.
It supports the cell and prevents them from changing shape.
Describe the structure of the cell vacuole.
