BIOL3204 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED
The nervous system is divided into?
CNS (central nervous system) and PNS (peripheral nervous system)
The nervous system is comprised of what cell types?
Neurons and neuroglial
What are neurons?
Conduct electrochemical impulses
Functional unit of the nervous system
Does not divide
What are neuroglial cells?
Support cells
Divide by mitosis (out number neurons 5-1)
Tumors are normally these cells
What are the 3 regions of the neuron?
Dendrites
Soma
Axon
What is a neuron's dendrite?
Tree branch like
What is a neuron's soma?
,Cell body
In the CNS cluster in nuclei
In the PNS cluster in ganglia
What is a neuron's axon?
Conducts impulses (action potentials)
Can be a mm-m long
What are the 2 types of axonal transport?
Anterograde and retrograde
What is anterograde transport?
Soma to axon/dendrites
Involves kinesins
What is retrograde transport?
Axon/dendrites to soma
Involves dyneins
Sensory/afferent neurons and motor/efferent neurons
Neurons that send action potential
Association/interneurons
Only in CNS
Order of neurons in a reflex arc
Sensory neuron (afferent), inter neuron, motor neuron (efferent)
What are the 2 types of motor/efferent nerves?
Somatic and autonomic
What are pseudounipolar neurons?
,Soma is off to one side of the axon
What are bipolar neurons?
Soma is in the middle of the axon
What are multipolar neurons?
Most common
Several dendrites and one long axon
Example of a psuedounipolar neuron?
Sensory neurons
Example of a bipolar neuron?
Retina of the eye
Example of a multipolar neuron?
Motor neuron
What is a nerve?
Bundle of axons outside of the CNS
Most are mixed
Found in optic, olfactory, and pure sensory (vestibulocochlear)
What are nerve tracts?
Bundle of axons inside the CNS
What are the 2 types of cells found in the PNS?
Schwann cells and satellite cells
What are schwann cells?
Form myelin sheath in PNS
Neurolemmocytes
, What are satellite cells?
Ganglionic gliocytes
Similar to astrocytes in the ganglia of the CNS
What are the cell types in the CNS?
Oligodendrocytes
Microglia
Astrocyte
Ependymal cells
What do oligodendrocytes do?
Produce myelin sheath
What do microglia do?
Phagocytosis
What do astrocytes do?
Regulate external environment
Cover capillaries
What do ependymal cells do?
Produce cerebrospinal fluid
Line ventricles
What are neurilemma?
All PNS axons are enclosed in a sheath of Schwann cells
Sometimes wrap multiple times
Creates myelin sheath
In the CNS what do oligodendrocytes do in regards to myelin sheath?
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED
The nervous system is divided into?
CNS (central nervous system) and PNS (peripheral nervous system)
The nervous system is comprised of what cell types?
Neurons and neuroglial
What are neurons?
Conduct electrochemical impulses
Functional unit of the nervous system
Does not divide
What are neuroglial cells?
Support cells
Divide by mitosis (out number neurons 5-1)
Tumors are normally these cells
What are the 3 regions of the neuron?
Dendrites
Soma
Axon
What is a neuron's dendrite?
Tree branch like
What is a neuron's soma?
,Cell body
In the CNS cluster in nuclei
In the PNS cluster in ganglia
What is a neuron's axon?
Conducts impulses (action potentials)
Can be a mm-m long
What are the 2 types of axonal transport?
Anterograde and retrograde
What is anterograde transport?
Soma to axon/dendrites
Involves kinesins
What is retrograde transport?
Axon/dendrites to soma
Involves dyneins
Sensory/afferent neurons and motor/efferent neurons
Neurons that send action potential
Association/interneurons
Only in CNS
Order of neurons in a reflex arc
Sensory neuron (afferent), inter neuron, motor neuron (efferent)
What are the 2 types of motor/efferent nerves?
Somatic and autonomic
What are pseudounipolar neurons?
,Soma is off to one side of the axon
What are bipolar neurons?
Soma is in the middle of the axon
What are multipolar neurons?
Most common
Several dendrites and one long axon
Example of a psuedounipolar neuron?
Sensory neurons
Example of a bipolar neuron?
Retina of the eye
Example of a multipolar neuron?
Motor neuron
What is a nerve?
Bundle of axons outside of the CNS
Most are mixed
Found in optic, olfactory, and pure sensory (vestibulocochlear)
What are nerve tracts?
Bundle of axons inside the CNS
What are the 2 types of cells found in the PNS?
Schwann cells and satellite cells
What are schwann cells?
Form myelin sheath in PNS
Neurolemmocytes
, What are satellite cells?
Ganglionic gliocytes
Similar to astrocytes in the ganglia of the CNS
What are the cell types in the CNS?
Oligodendrocytes
Microglia
Astrocyte
Ependymal cells
What do oligodendrocytes do?
Produce myelin sheath
What do microglia do?
Phagocytosis
What do astrocytes do?
Regulate external environment
Cover capillaries
What do ependymal cells do?
Produce cerebrospinal fluid
Line ventricles
What are neurilemma?
All PNS axons are enclosed in a sheath of Schwann cells
Sometimes wrap multiple times
Creates myelin sheath
In the CNS what do oligodendrocytes do in regards to myelin sheath?
