BIOL3003 WEEK 1-5 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED
Who was Rhazes and what did he contribute?
- 865-932
- Persian philosopher and alchemist who described measles and smallpox as different
diseases
- Proponent of the theory that immunity is acquired
- Premier physician of Islam
Who was Girolamo Fracastoro and what did he contribute?
- 1478-1553
- Born in Verona, educated in Padua
- Proposed the theory of acquired immunity and leader in the early theories of
contagion: germs transferred between persons causing fermentation in a given
organ/humor.
Who was Lady Mary Wortley Montagu and what did she contribute?
- 1689-1762
- First to introduce inoculation as a means of preventing smallpox in England in 1722.
After observing the practice in Turkey where her husband was posted as the
Ambassador to the Turkish court, she had both her children inoculated.
- Inoculation practised in Africa and Asia in the 18th century.
Who was Edward Jenner and what did he contribute?
,- 1749-1822
- Often termed founder of immunology for his contribution of the first reliable method of
providing lasting immunity to a major contagious disease.
- Vaccinated 8-year old boy, James Phipps, with cow pox pus from a milkmaid. After the
infection subsided, he gave the boy smallpox and found that the boy did not get sick.
Who was Louis Pasteur and what did he contribute?
- 1822-1895
- Father of immunology
- Disproved the theory of spontaneous generation
- Successfully vaccinated sheep and cattle against anthrax - using attenuated bacteria
and viruses, naming it vaccination in honour of Jenner (vaccus or vacca meaning cow)
- Produced rabies vaccine by drying the spinal chord of rabbits
- Also known for pasteurisation process
- Vaccinated against chicken cholera: old cultures made chickens sick but they
recovered, protected from reinfection
Who was Elie Metchnikoff and what did he contribute?
- 1845-1916
- Extended work on the defensive role of phagocytes and championed his cellular
theory of immunity.
- Made numerous contributions to immunology and bacteriology.
- Shared the 1908 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Paul Ehrlich "in
recognition for their work on immunity"
- Influences ideas on inflammation, debate on humoral vs cellular immunity.
,Who was Paul Ehrlich and what did he contribute?
- 1845-1915
- Proposed the first selective theory of antibody formation known as the side chain
theory. Cells of the immune system possess the genetic capacity to react to all known
antigens and that each cell on the surface bears receptors with surface haptophore side
chains.
Who were Sit Frank Macfarlane Burnet and Peter Brian Medawar and what did
they contribute?
- 1899-1985 and 1915-1987
- Won shared Nobel prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1960
- self vs non-self, transplantation
Who are Rolph Zinkemagel and Peter Doherty and what did they contribute?
- 1944 and 1940
- Shared recipients of the Nobel prize for Physiology or Medicine for their demonstration
of MHC restriction.
Who are Barry J Marshall and J Robin Warren and what did they contribute?
- 1951 and 1937
- Shared Nobel prize winners 2005 for their discovery that helicobacter bacteria are
responsible for stomach ulcers.
Who is Ian Fraser and what has he contributed?
- Australian of the year 2006
- Discovered a vaccine against cervical cancer
, - Marketed in 2006
- Predicted to save >200 lives p.a. in Australia and thousands world wide.
What does the circulatory system have to do with the immune system?
- Constant re-circulation of immune cells -> sampling
What does the general lymphatic system have to do with immune function?
- Largely important for immune cell circulation
- Takes excess interstitial fluid back to circulation using skeletal muscle action, (valves
prevent back flow) draining into the left subclavian vein via the thoracic duct (continues
into superior vena cava and down into right atrium)
- Before going back into circulation, fluid is filtered through lymph nodes and drained
into lymph ducts
What is the lymphatic system composed of and what is the purpose of each
structure?
- Lymph vessels: drainage
- Lymph nodes and lymph organs: filtration of antigens and cells plus defence mediated
by Phagocytes and lymphocytes
What is lymph fluid?
- Intercellular/interstitial fluid: collects around 3L per day
- Proteins: especially from intestines-> chyle
- Particles: subcellular debris, pathogens, cancer cells
What is lymphedema and what is it caused by?
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED
Who was Rhazes and what did he contribute?
- 865-932
- Persian philosopher and alchemist who described measles and smallpox as different
diseases
- Proponent of the theory that immunity is acquired
- Premier physician of Islam
Who was Girolamo Fracastoro and what did he contribute?
- 1478-1553
- Born in Verona, educated in Padua
- Proposed the theory of acquired immunity and leader in the early theories of
contagion: germs transferred between persons causing fermentation in a given
organ/humor.
Who was Lady Mary Wortley Montagu and what did she contribute?
- 1689-1762
- First to introduce inoculation as a means of preventing smallpox in England in 1722.
After observing the practice in Turkey where her husband was posted as the
Ambassador to the Turkish court, she had both her children inoculated.
- Inoculation practised in Africa and Asia in the 18th century.
Who was Edward Jenner and what did he contribute?
,- 1749-1822
- Often termed founder of immunology for his contribution of the first reliable method of
providing lasting immunity to a major contagious disease.
- Vaccinated 8-year old boy, James Phipps, with cow pox pus from a milkmaid. After the
infection subsided, he gave the boy smallpox and found that the boy did not get sick.
Who was Louis Pasteur and what did he contribute?
- 1822-1895
- Father of immunology
- Disproved the theory of spontaneous generation
- Successfully vaccinated sheep and cattle against anthrax - using attenuated bacteria
and viruses, naming it vaccination in honour of Jenner (vaccus or vacca meaning cow)
- Produced rabies vaccine by drying the spinal chord of rabbits
- Also known for pasteurisation process
- Vaccinated against chicken cholera: old cultures made chickens sick but they
recovered, protected from reinfection
Who was Elie Metchnikoff and what did he contribute?
- 1845-1916
- Extended work on the defensive role of phagocytes and championed his cellular
theory of immunity.
- Made numerous contributions to immunology and bacteriology.
- Shared the 1908 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Paul Ehrlich "in
recognition for their work on immunity"
- Influences ideas on inflammation, debate on humoral vs cellular immunity.
,Who was Paul Ehrlich and what did he contribute?
- 1845-1915
- Proposed the first selective theory of antibody formation known as the side chain
theory. Cells of the immune system possess the genetic capacity to react to all known
antigens and that each cell on the surface bears receptors with surface haptophore side
chains.
Who were Sit Frank Macfarlane Burnet and Peter Brian Medawar and what did
they contribute?
- 1899-1985 and 1915-1987
- Won shared Nobel prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1960
- self vs non-self, transplantation
Who are Rolph Zinkemagel and Peter Doherty and what did they contribute?
- 1944 and 1940
- Shared recipients of the Nobel prize for Physiology or Medicine for their demonstration
of MHC restriction.
Who are Barry J Marshall and J Robin Warren and what did they contribute?
- 1951 and 1937
- Shared Nobel prize winners 2005 for their discovery that helicobacter bacteria are
responsible for stomach ulcers.
Who is Ian Fraser and what has he contributed?
- Australian of the year 2006
- Discovered a vaccine against cervical cancer
, - Marketed in 2006
- Predicted to save >200 lives p.a. in Australia and thousands world wide.
What does the circulatory system have to do with the immune system?
- Constant re-circulation of immune cells -> sampling
What does the general lymphatic system have to do with immune function?
- Largely important for immune cell circulation
- Takes excess interstitial fluid back to circulation using skeletal muscle action, (valves
prevent back flow) draining into the left subclavian vein via the thoracic duct (continues
into superior vena cava and down into right atrium)
- Before going back into circulation, fluid is filtered through lymph nodes and drained
into lymph ducts
What is the lymphatic system composed of and what is the purpose of each
structure?
- Lymph vessels: drainage
- Lymph nodes and lymph organs: filtration of antigens and cells plus defence mediated
by Phagocytes and lymphocytes
What is lymph fluid?
- Intercellular/interstitial fluid: collects around 3L per day
- Proteins: especially from intestines-> chyle
- Particles: subcellular debris, pathogens, cancer cells
What is lymphedema and what is it caused by?
