BIOL3003 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED
What are the types of conventional T cells?
CD4+ and CD8+ T cells
Name 3 types of unconventional T cells.
Natural killer T cells (NKT), Mucosal-associated invariant T cells (MAIT), and gamma
delta T cells
What are the 3 signals required for T cell activation?
Signal 1: specificity (antigen recognition), signal 2: co-stimulation, signal 3: cytokines
Describe the pathway of T cell activation
Entry through high endothelial venules (HEV), activation by dendritic cells (DCs),
proliferation and differentiation in the lymph node
Where does positive selection of T cells occur and what is its purpose?
Positive selection occurs in the thymus and ensures T cells can recognise self-MHC
molecules.
What markers are used for T cell development?
CD4, CD8, CD25, CD44
What is the role of CD8+ T cells?
Cytotoxicity, granzyme and perforin pathways, FasL expression, and cytokine secretion
(IFN-y, TNF-a).
How do CD4+ T cells assist in immune responses?
, They prime the CD8+ T cell response and differentiate into subsets such as Th1, Th2,
Th17, and Tregs.
Name 2 inhibitory signals that regulate T cell activity
CTLA-4, and PD-1
What are the 2 types of regulatory T cells (Tregs)?
Natural Tregs (thymus-derived) and induced Tregs (periphery-derived)/
What cytokines are involved in the suppression by Tregs?
IL-10, TGF-beta
What is the role of Th17 cells?
Th17 cells are involved in inflammatory responses and diseases such as inflammatory
bowel disease, multiple sclerosis, psoriasis, and rheumatoid arthritis.
How do high avidity T cells contribute to tumor immunity?
High avidity T cells effectively eliminate highly expressed antigens found in tumors.
What factors influence immunodominance?
Peptide-MHC binding affinity, peptide processing efficiency, T cell repertoire, and T cell
competition.
What are altered peptide ligands (APLs) and their types?
APLs are closely related peptides that differ from the wild type sequence. They can act
as agonists, weak agonists, super agonists, partial agonists, or antagonists of T cell
responses.
What are antibodies also known as?
Immunoglobulins (Ig)
What are the main antibody isotypes in humans?
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED
What are the types of conventional T cells?
CD4+ and CD8+ T cells
Name 3 types of unconventional T cells.
Natural killer T cells (NKT), Mucosal-associated invariant T cells (MAIT), and gamma
delta T cells
What are the 3 signals required for T cell activation?
Signal 1: specificity (antigen recognition), signal 2: co-stimulation, signal 3: cytokines
Describe the pathway of T cell activation
Entry through high endothelial venules (HEV), activation by dendritic cells (DCs),
proliferation and differentiation in the lymph node
Where does positive selection of T cells occur and what is its purpose?
Positive selection occurs in the thymus and ensures T cells can recognise self-MHC
molecules.
What markers are used for T cell development?
CD4, CD8, CD25, CD44
What is the role of CD8+ T cells?
Cytotoxicity, granzyme and perforin pathways, FasL expression, and cytokine secretion
(IFN-y, TNF-a).
How do CD4+ T cells assist in immune responses?
, They prime the CD8+ T cell response and differentiate into subsets such as Th1, Th2,
Th17, and Tregs.
Name 2 inhibitory signals that regulate T cell activity
CTLA-4, and PD-1
What are the 2 types of regulatory T cells (Tregs)?
Natural Tregs (thymus-derived) and induced Tregs (periphery-derived)/
What cytokines are involved in the suppression by Tregs?
IL-10, TGF-beta
What is the role of Th17 cells?
Th17 cells are involved in inflammatory responses and diseases such as inflammatory
bowel disease, multiple sclerosis, psoriasis, and rheumatoid arthritis.
How do high avidity T cells contribute to tumor immunity?
High avidity T cells effectively eliminate highly expressed antigens found in tumors.
What factors influence immunodominance?
Peptide-MHC binding affinity, peptide processing efficiency, T cell repertoire, and T cell
competition.
What are altered peptide ligands (APLs) and their types?
APLs are closely related peptides that differ from the wild type sequence. They can act
as agonists, weak agonists, super agonists, partial agonists, or antagonists of T cell
responses.
What are antibodies also known as?
Immunoglobulins (Ig)
What are the main antibody isotypes in humans?
