COMSAE EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED LATEST UPDATE
von hippel lindau
chromosome 3
tumor suppressor gene UB1a
H-hemangioma
A-angioblastoma
R-renal cell carcinoma
P-pheochromocytoma
sturge-weber syndrome
GNAQ gene
unstable capillary webs
portwine stain
leptomeningeal angioma (seizures)
episcleral hemangioma (early glaucoma)
tuberous sclerosis
TSC1: chr. 9--hamartin
TSC2: chr. 16--tuberin
ash leaf spots
cardiac rhabdomyoma
,renal angiomyolipoma
shagreen patch
NF1
chr. 17--neurofibromin (inhibits RAS)
cafe-au-lait spots
lisch nodules
wilms tumor
scoliosis
pheochromocytoma
NF2
chr. 22--merlin (schwannomin)
bilateral acoustic schwannomas
juvenille cataracts
affects CN5, 7, 8
ependymoma/meningioma
upper motor neurons
brain to spinal cord
spastic/hypertonic/hyperreflexic
disuse atrophy
+ babinski
lower motor neurons
anterior horn to muscle
flaccid paralysis
,hypotonia/hyporeflexia
denervation atrophy (quick)
- babinski
fasciculations
posterior columns
discriminative touch (fine, vibration, proprioception)
ipsilateral
lateral spinothalamic tract
LST: lower segment three
pain and temperature
2-3 segments below contralateral
(lissauer's tract)
corticospinal tract
motor UMN
ipsilateral
LCST-movement of limbs
ACST-movements of axial skeleton
brown-sequard syndrome
hemi-transsection of spinal cord
ipsilateral corticospinal and posterior columns
contralateral LST
cortical stroke
, ACA - leg
MCA - face
PCA - vision/language
brainstem strokes
midline - motor symptoms
lateral - sensory symptoms
child brain tumors
astrocytoma
medulloblastoma
ependymoma
craniopharyngioma
pinealoma
glioblastoma multiforme
"butterfly appearance"
GFAP+
malignant, midline tumor
psuedopalisading cells
oligodendroglioma
chicken wire capillary pattern
"fried egg" cells
calcified tumors
meningioma
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED LATEST UPDATE
von hippel lindau
chromosome 3
tumor suppressor gene UB1a
H-hemangioma
A-angioblastoma
R-renal cell carcinoma
P-pheochromocytoma
sturge-weber syndrome
GNAQ gene
unstable capillary webs
portwine stain
leptomeningeal angioma (seizures)
episcleral hemangioma (early glaucoma)
tuberous sclerosis
TSC1: chr. 9--hamartin
TSC2: chr. 16--tuberin
ash leaf spots
cardiac rhabdomyoma
,renal angiomyolipoma
shagreen patch
NF1
chr. 17--neurofibromin (inhibits RAS)
cafe-au-lait spots
lisch nodules
wilms tumor
scoliosis
pheochromocytoma
NF2
chr. 22--merlin (schwannomin)
bilateral acoustic schwannomas
juvenille cataracts
affects CN5, 7, 8
ependymoma/meningioma
upper motor neurons
brain to spinal cord
spastic/hypertonic/hyperreflexic
disuse atrophy
+ babinski
lower motor neurons
anterior horn to muscle
flaccid paralysis
,hypotonia/hyporeflexia
denervation atrophy (quick)
- babinski
fasciculations
posterior columns
discriminative touch (fine, vibration, proprioception)
ipsilateral
lateral spinothalamic tract
LST: lower segment three
pain and temperature
2-3 segments below contralateral
(lissauer's tract)
corticospinal tract
motor UMN
ipsilateral
LCST-movement of limbs
ACST-movements of axial skeleton
brown-sequard syndrome
hemi-transsection of spinal cord
ipsilateral corticospinal and posterior columns
contralateral LST
cortical stroke
, ACA - leg
MCA - face
PCA - vision/language
brainstem strokes
midline - motor symptoms
lateral - sensory symptoms
child brain tumors
astrocytoma
medulloblastoma
ependymoma
craniopharyngioma
pinealoma
glioblastoma multiforme
"butterfly appearance"
GFAP+
malignant, midline tumor
psuedopalisading cells
oligodendroglioma
chicken wire capillary pattern
"fried egg" cells
calcified tumors
meningioma
