NSG 223 EXAM #2 /
ACTUAL TEST QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED
VERIFIED ANSWERS / ALREADY GRADED A.
Terms in this set (99)
Metabolic Acidosis: ABG - low bicarbonate level less than 22 mEq/L and a low pH less
interpretation than 7.35. The cardinal feature is a decrease in the serum
bicarbonate level.
Metabolic Alkalosis: ABG- pH greater than 7.45 and a serum bicarbonate interpretationconcentration
greater than 26
Respiratory Acidosis: ABG - pH is less than 7.35 and PaCO2 is greater than 45 and a
interpretation compensatory increases HCO3
Respiratory Alkalosis: - pH is greater than 7.45 and the PaCO2 is less than
35
Treatments for Metabolic - Give Bicarb
Acidosis Medical - Chronic metabolic acidosis treat calcium levels first
Management: - Avoid tetany
- Watch for hypernatremia, hyperkalemia, andhypocalcemia
Treatments for Metabolic - Restore fluid volume
Alkalosis Medical - Give electrolytes as needed (Sodium chloride and
Management: Potassium chloride)
- Give Tagamet
- Hypokalemia- Urine Chloride, ID the cause
Treatments for each ABG - Underlying cause
Imbalance: Acute - Bronchodilators
Respiratory Acidosis - BiPAP
,Treatments for each ABG - Antibiotics
Imbalance: Chronic - Diuretics
Respiratory Acidosis - Bronchodilators
- Corticosteroids
- Mechanical ventilation
Treatments for each ABG - Breathe into a bag- raise CO2
Imbalance: Respiratory - Reassure patient
Alkalosis - Pursed lip breathing
Acute and Chronic causes of - Build up of acid in the body due to kidney failure or
the 4 imbalances: Metabolic disease
Acidosis
- Kidneys are unable to remove enough acid fromyour
blood - Hypocalcemia
Acute and Chronic causes of - High pH, high plasma bicarbonate concertation - Gastric
the 4 imbalances: Metabolic suctioning, vomiting, diuretic use from potassium loss,
Alkalosis Cushing’s syndrome, long term diuretic and antacid use.
Acute and Chronic causes of - Hypoventilation- inadequate excretion of CO2,
the 4 imbalances: High CO2 levels
Respiratory Acidosis
- Acute pulmonary edema, Severe pneumonia, andacute
respiratory distress syndrome
- Chronic hypercapnia- excessive CO2 in the blood
- Chemoreceptors in your brain alerted to elevated
CO2- Ventilation
- Hyperventilation- panic attack or anxiety, Low CO2 levels -
Acute and Chronic causes of Asthma
the 4 imbalances:
- COPD
Respiratory Alkalosis
- PE
, Clinical manifestations of - Headache
the 4 imbalances: - Confusion
Metabolic Acidosis
- Increased respiratory rate and depth
- Hypotension
- Cool clammy skin
- Dysrhythmias
Clinical manifestations of - Hypercalcemia
the 4 imbalances: - Hypertonic muscles
Metabolic Alkalosis
- Depressed respirations
- Hypokalemia
- Decreased motility and paralytic ileus
- Potassium decreases- PVCs or U waves are seen on
ECCG
Clinical manifestations of - Wheezing
the 4 imbalances: Acute - Blurred vision
Respiratory Acidosis
- Cyanosis in hands and feet
Clinical manifestations of the - Memory loss
4 imbalances: Chronic - Coordination problems
Respiratory Acidosis - Sleepiness and headaches- obstructive sleep apnea
- Heart failure
- Polycythemia
- Pulmonary hypertension
Clinical manifestations of - Numbness or muscles spasm in hands and feet
the 4 imbalances: - Tingling in the arms
Respiratory Alkalosis
- SOB
- lightheaded
- The acute phase of ARDS is marked by a rapid onsetof severe
dyspnea that usually occurs less than 72 hours after the
Clinical manifestations of precipitating event.
ARDS - Arterial hypoxemia that does not respond tosupplemental
oxygen is characteristic.
- Blue fingernails or blue tone to the skin or lips
ACTUAL TEST QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED
VERIFIED ANSWERS / ALREADY GRADED A.
Terms in this set (99)
Metabolic Acidosis: ABG - low bicarbonate level less than 22 mEq/L and a low pH less
interpretation than 7.35. The cardinal feature is a decrease in the serum
bicarbonate level.
Metabolic Alkalosis: ABG- pH greater than 7.45 and a serum bicarbonate interpretationconcentration
greater than 26
Respiratory Acidosis: ABG - pH is less than 7.35 and PaCO2 is greater than 45 and a
interpretation compensatory increases HCO3
Respiratory Alkalosis: - pH is greater than 7.45 and the PaCO2 is less than
35
Treatments for Metabolic - Give Bicarb
Acidosis Medical - Chronic metabolic acidosis treat calcium levels first
Management: - Avoid tetany
- Watch for hypernatremia, hyperkalemia, andhypocalcemia
Treatments for Metabolic - Restore fluid volume
Alkalosis Medical - Give electrolytes as needed (Sodium chloride and
Management: Potassium chloride)
- Give Tagamet
- Hypokalemia- Urine Chloride, ID the cause
Treatments for each ABG - Underlying cause
Imbalance: Acute - Bronchodilators
Respiratory Acidosis - BiPAP
,Treatments for each ABG - Antibiotics
Imbalance: Chronic - Diuretics
Respiratory Acidosis - Bronchodilators
- Corticosteroids
- Mechanical ventilation
Treatments for each ABG - Breathe into a bag- raise CO2
Imbalance: Respiratory - Reassure patient
Alkalosis - Pursed lip breathing
Acute and Chronic causes of - Build up of acid in the body due to kidney failure or
the 4 imbalances: Metabolic disease
Acidosis
- Kidneys are unable to remove enough acid fromyour
blood - Hypocalcemia
Acute and Chronic causes of - High pH, high plasma bicarbonate concertation - Gastric
the 4 imbalances: Metabolic suctioning, vomiting, diuretic use from potassium loss,
Alkalosis Cushing’s syndrome, long term diuretic and antacid use.
Acute and Chronic causes of - Hypoventilation- inadequate excretion of CO2,
the 4 imbalances: High CO2 levels
Respiratory Acidosis
- Acute pulmonary edema, Severe pneumonia, andacute
respiratory distress syndrome
- Chronic hypercapnia- excessive CO2 in the blood
- Chemoreceptors in your brain alerted to elevated
CO2- Ventilation
- Hyperventilation- panic attack or anxiety, Low CO2 levels -
Acute and Chronic causes of Asthma
the 4 imbalances:
- COPD
Respiratory Alkalosis
- PE
, Clinical manifestations of - Headache
the 4 imbalances: - Confusion
Metabolic Acidosis
- Increased respiratory rate and depth
- Hypotension
- Cool clammy skin
- Dysrhythmias
Clinical manifestations of - Hypercalcemia
the 4 imbalances: - Hypertonic muscles
Metabolic Alkalosis
- Depressed respirations
- Hypokalemia
- Decreased motility and paralytic ileus
- Potassium decreases- PVCs or U waves are seen on
ECCG
Clinical manifestations of - Wheezing
the 4 imbalances: Acute - Blurred vision
Respiratory Acidosis
- Cyanosis in hands and feet
Clinical manifestations of the - Memory loss
4 imbalances: Chronic - Coordination problems
Respiratory Acidosis - Sleepiness and headaches- obstructive sleep apnea
- Heart failure
- Polycythemia
- Pulmonary hypertension
Clinical manifestations of - Numbness or muscles spasm in hands and feet
the 4 imbalances: - Tingling in the arms
Respiratory Alkalosis
- SOB
- lightheaded
- The acute phase of ARDS is marked by a rapid onsetof severe
dyspnea that usually occurs less than 72 hours after the
Clinical manifestations of precipitating event.
ARDS - Arterial hypoxemia that does not respond tosupplemental
oxygen is characteristic.
- Blue fingernails or blue tone to the skin or lips
