NURS 5315 GI Exam Questions and
answers 2025
Upper .GI .organs .- .ANS✓✓-mouth,pharynx, .esophagus, .stomach, .and
.duodenum
Lower .GI .organs .- .ANS✓✓-small .intestine, .large .intestine, .rectum .and .anus
Hepatoportal .circulation .- .ANS✓✓-hepatic .artery .receives .oxygenated .blood
.from .the .inferior .mesenteric, .gastric, .and .cystic .veins. .The .hepatic .portal .vein
.receives .deoxygenated .blood .from .the .inferior .and .superior .mesenteric .vein
.and .splenic .vein .and .delivers .nutrients .that .have .been .absorbed .from .the
.intestinal .system
Osmotic .diarrhea .- .ANS✓✓-Caused .by .the .presence .of .a .nonabsorbable
.substance .in .the .intestines. .This .pulls .water .by .osmosis .into .the .intestinal
.lumen .and .results .in .large .volume .diarrhea. .This .is .how .mag .citrate, .lactulose
.and .miralax .work. .Causes .include: .excessive .ingestion .of .nonabsorbable
.sugars, .tube .feedings, .dumping .syndrome, .malabsorption, .pancreatic .enzyme
.deficiency, .bile .salt .deficiency, .small .intestine .bacterial .overgrowth .or .celiac
.disease
Secretory .diarrhea .- .ANS✓✓-Results .in .large .volume .losses .secondary .to
.infectious .causes .such .as .rotavirus, .bacterial .enterotoxins, .or .c-diff.
Motility .diarrhea .- .ANS✓✓-AKA .short .bowel .syndrome. .Results .from .resection
.of .small .intestine .or .surgical .bypass .of .small .intestine, .IBS, .diabetic
.neuropathy, .hyperthyroidism, .and .laxative .abuse. .Fatty .stools .and .bloating .are
.common .in .malabsorption .syndrome. .Complications .include: .dehydration,
.electrolyte .imbalance, .metabolic .acidosis, .weight .loss .and .malabsorption.
Upper .GI .bleed .- .ANS✓✓-bleeding .that .occurs .in .the .esophagus, .stomach .or
.duodenum .commonly .caused .by .bleeding .varices, .peptic .ulcers .or .Mallory-
Weiss .tear(tearing .of .esophagus .from .stomach) .Characterized .by .frank, .bright
.red .or .coffee .ground .emesis.
Lower .GI .bleed .- .ANS✓✓-Bleeding .in .the .jejunum, .ileum, .colon .or .rectum .from
.inflammatory .bowel .disease, .cancer, .diverticula .or .hemorrhoids. .Hematochezia,
, .or .the .presence .of .bright .red .blood .in .the .stools, .suggest .a .lower .GI .bleed
.usually .in .the .rectum, .sigmoid .colon .or .descending .colon
Peptic .Ulcer .Disease .- .ANS✓✓-Is .a .break .in .the .integrity .of .the .mucosa .of .the
.esophagus, .stomach .or .duodenum .resulting .in .exposure .of .the .tissue .to
.gastric .acid. .Risk .factors .include .smoking, .advanced .age, .NSAID .use, .ETOH,
.chronic .disease, .acute .pancreatitis, .COPD, .obesity, .socioeconomic .status,
.gastrinoma, .and .infection .with .Helicobacter .pylori. .S&S: .Epigastric .pain .is
.worse .with .eating, .melena .or .hematemesis
Duodenal .ulcers .- .ANS✓✓-most .common .and .tend .to .develop .in .younger
.patients. .S&S: .epigastric .pain .that .is .relieved .by .food. .Patients .may .have
.melena(black .and .tarry .stool) .or .hematemesis
Ulcerative .colitis .(UC) .- .ANS✓✓-Inflammatory .disease .of .the .large .instestine .in
.persons .20-40y/o. .Less .common .in .people .who .smoke. .Has .periods .of
.remission .and .exacerbations. .Characterized .by .inflammation .and .ulcerations
.that .remain .superficial .and .in .the .small .intestine.
UC .S&S .- .ANS✓✓-recurrent .diarrhea, .bloody .stools, .febrile, .polyarthritis,
.uveitis, .sclerosing .cholangitis, .erythema .nodosum .and .pyoderma .gangrenosum
UC .complications .- .ANS✓✓-fissures, .hemorrhoids, .perirectal .abscess, .toxic
.megacolon, .colon .perforation, .and .colorectal .adenocarcinoma. .Increased .risk
.of .VTE .and .microthrombi, .and .colon .cancer
Crohn's .disease .- .ANS✓✓-Chronic .inflammatory .disorders .that .can .affect .any
.portion .of .the .GI .tract .but .most .often .in .the .ileum .and .proximal .colon. .Affects
.persons .in .their .20-30s .and .of .jewish .decent. .CARD15/NOD2 .gene .mutation
.commonly .associated.
Crohn's .disease .risk .factors .- .ANS✓✓-smoking, .family .history, .Jewish .decent,
.age .less .than .40, .slight .predominance .in .women .and .altered .gut .microbiome.
Crohn's .disease .patho .- .ANS✓✓-includes .trasmural .involvement .of .the .affected
.area(entire .wall .of .intestine .is .affected) .and .the .presence .of .skip .lesions.
.Disease .progression .may .lead .to .abscess .formation .in .GI .tract. .Possible
.causes .include .infectious .agents, .autoimmune, .psychosomatic, .impaired .T-cell
.immunity
Crohn's .disease .S&S .- .ANS✓✓-abd .pain, .diarrhea, .dehydration, .bloody .stools,
.malabsorption, .malnutrition, .weight .loss, .intestinal .obstruction .from .chronic
.inflammation, .fistulas .and .perforation .of .the .intestine
Diverticular .disease .- .ANS✓✓-Characterized .as .the .presence .of .diverticula .in
.the .large .intestine. .Risk .factors .include .older .age, .genetic .predisposition,
.obesity, .smoking, .diet, .lack .of .exercise, .ASA .and .other .NSAIDS, .altered .DI
.microbiome .and .abnormal .colonic .peristalsis
answers 2025
Upper .GI .organs .- .ANS✓✓-mouth,pharynx, .esophagus, .stomach, .and
.duodenum
Lower .GI .organs .- .ANS✓✓-small .intestine, .large .intestine, .rectum .and .anus
Hepatoportal .circulation .- .ANS✓✓-hepatic .artery .receives .oxygenated .blood
.from .the .inferior .mesenteric, .gastric, .and .cystic .veins. .The .hepatic .portal .vein
.receives .deoxygenated .blood .from .the .inferior .and .superior .mesenteric .vein
.and .splenic .vein .and .delivers .nutrients .that .have .been .absorbed .from .the
.intestinal .system
Osmotic .diarrhea .- .ANS✓✓-Caused .by .the .presence .of .a .nonabsorbable
.substance .in .the .intestines. .This .pulls .water .by .osmosis .into .the .intestinal
.lumen .and .results .in .large .volume .diarrhea. .This .is .how .mag .citrate, .lactulose
.and .miralax .work. .Causes .include: .excessive .ingestion .of .nonabsorbable
.sugars, .tube .feedings, .dumping .syndrome, .malabsorption, .pancreatic .enzyme
.deficiency, .bile .salt .deficiency, .small .intestine .bacterial .overgrowth .or .celiac
.disease
Secretory .diarrhea .- .ANS✓✓-Results .in .large .volume .losses .secondary .to
.infectious .causes .such .as .rotavirus, .bacterial .enterotoxins, .or .c-diff.
Motility .diarrhea .- .ANS✓✓-AKA .short .bowel .syndrome. .Results .from .resection
.of .small .intestine .or .surgical .bypass .of .small .intestine, .IBS, .diabetic
.neuropathy, .hyperthyroidism, .and .laxative .abuse. .Fatty .stools .and .bloating .are
.common .in .malabsorption .syndrome. .Complications .include: .dehydration,
.electrolyte .imbalance, .metabolic .acidosis, .weight .loss .and .malabsorption.
Upper .GI .bleed .- .ANS✓✓-bleeding .that .occurs .in .the .esophagus, .stomach .or
.duodenum .commonly .caused .by .bleeding .varices, .peptic .ulcers .or .Mallory-
Weiss .tear(tearing .of .esophagus .from .stomach) .Characterized .by .frank, .bright
.red .or .coffee .ground .emesis.
Lower .GI .bleed .- .ANS✓✓-Bleeding .in .the .jejunum, .ileum, .colon .or .rectum .from
.inflammatory .bowel .disease, .cancer, .diverticula .or .hemorrhoids. .Hematochezia,
, .or .the .presence .of .bright .red .blood .in .the .stools, .suggest .a .lower .GI .bleed
.usually .in .the .rectum, .sigmoid .colon .or .descending .colon
Peptic .Ulcer .Disease .- .ANS✓✓-Is .a .break .in .the .integrity .of .the .mucosa .of .the
.esophagus, .stomach .or .duodenum .resulting .in .exposure .of .the .tissue .to
.gastric .acid. .Risk .factors .include .smoking, .advanced .age, .NSAID .use, .ETOH,
.chronic .disease, .acute .pancreatitis, .COPD, .obesity, .socioeconomic .status,
.gastrinoma, .and .infection .with .Helicobacter .pylori. .S&S: .Epigastric .pain .is
.worse .with .eating, .melena .or .hematemesis
Duodenal .ulcers .- .ANS✓✓-most .common .and .tend .to .develop .in .younger
.patients. .S&S: .epigastric .pain .that .is .relieved .by .food. .Patients .may .have
.melena(black .and .tarry .stool) .or .hematemesis
Ulcerative .colitis .(UC) .- .ANS✓✓-Inflammatory .disease .of .the .large .instestine .in
.persons .20-40y/o. .Less .common .in .people .who .smoke. .Has .periods .of
.remission .and .exacerbations. .Characterized .by .inflammation .and .ulcerations
.that .remain .superficial .and .in .the .small .intestine.
UC .S&S .- .ANS✓✓-recurrent .diarrhea, .bloody .stools, .febrile, .polyarthritis,
.uveitis, .sclerosing .cholangitis, .erythema .nodosum .and .pyoderma .gangrenosum
UC .complications .- .ANS✓✓-fissures, .hemorrhoids, .perirectal .abscess, .toxic
.megacolon, .colon .perforation, .and .colorectal .adenocarcinoma. .Increased .risk
.of .VTE .and .microthrombi, .and .colon .cancer
Crohn's .disease .- .ANS✓✓-Chronic .inflammatory .disorders .that .can .affect .any
.portion .of .the .GI .tract .but .most .often .in .the .ileum .and .proximal .colon. .Affects
.persons .in .their .20-30s .and .of .jewish .decent. .CARD15/NOD2 .gene .mutation
.commonly .associated.
Crohn's .disease .risk .factors .- .ANS✓✓-smoking, .family .history, .Jewish .decent,
.age .less .than .40, .slight .predominance .in .women .and .altered .gut .microbiome.
Crohn's .disease .patho .- .ANS✓✓-includes .trasmural .involvement .of .the .affected
.area(entire .wall .of .intestine .is .affected) .and .the .presence .of .skip .lesions.
.Disease .progression .may .lead .to .abscess .formation .in .GI .tract. .Possible
.causes .include .infectious .agents, .autoimmune, .psychosomatic, .impaired .T-cell
.immunity
Crohn's .disease .S&S .- .ANS✓✓-abd .pain, .diarrhea, .dehydration, .bloody .stools,
.malabsorption, .malnutrition, .weight .loss, .intestinal .obstruction .from .chronic
.inflammation, .fistulas .and .perforation .of .the .intestine
Diverticular .disease .- .ANS✓✓-Characterized .as .the .presence .of .diverticula .in
.the .large .intestine. .Risk .factors .include .older .age, .genetic .predisposition,
.obesity, .smoking, .diet, .lack .of .exercise, .ASA .and .other .NSAIDS, .altered .DI
.microbiome .and .abnormal .colonic .peristalsis
