NURS 5315 UTA Exam 2 Questions and
answers 2025
HIV .EIA .(3rd .generation .immunoassay) .- .ANS✓✓-can .use .urine, .saliva, .or
.serum .(most .accurate), .need .to .wait .until .12 .weeks .post .exposure .to .see
.antibodies, .>99% .accurate
4th .generation .immunoassay- ."gold .standard"
measures .P24 .antigen
can .test .10 .days .post .exposure
Mast .cell .- .ANS✓✓-Cellular .bags .of .granules .located .in .loose .connective
.tisssue .close .to .blood .vessels. .Activation .initiates .inflammatory .process.
Histamine .- .ANS✓✓-Causes .vasodilation, .increases .vascular .permeability,
.increases .blood .flow .to .the .site .of .injury- .causes .erythema .and .swelling.
Cytokines .- .ANS✓✓-Soluble .factors .that .contribute .to .the .regulation .of .innate
.or .adaptive .resistance .by .affecting .other .neighboring .cells. .Can .be .pro-
inflammatory .or .anti-inflammatory. .Can .react .quickly .or .be .more .delayed.
Leukotrines .- .ANS✓✓-Released .when .mast .cells .degranulate, .prolong .the
.inflammatory .process. .Cause .vasodilation, .attract .neutrophils, .monocytes, .and
.eosinophils.target .of .inhibition .for .singular.
Prostaglandins .- .ANS✓✓-Released .when .mast .cells .degranulate, .are .produced
.by .the .arachidonic .pathway. .Cause .vasodilation, .platelet .aggregation .at .site .of
.injury, .pain, .and .fever.
Chemotactic .factors .- .ANS✓✓-Biochemical .substance .that .attracts .leukocyte .to
.the .site .of .inflammation
Neutrophils .- .ANS✓✓-Predominant .leukocyte .at .work .during .the .early .stages
.of .acute .inflammation
Monocytes .- .ANS✓✓-Become .macrophages .when .entering .the .tissue,
.responsible .for .presenting .antigens .to .the .CD4 .cell .which .triggers .T-cell
.immunity .and .B-cell .immunity.
Releases .additional .cytokines .IL1, .IL6, .TNF.
, Cytokine .IL1 .function .- .ANS✓✓-Causes .fever, .activates .phagocytes .&
.lymphocytes .and .also .increases .the .release .of .IL6a
Cytokine .IL6 .function .- .ANS✓✓-Stimulates .production .of .acute .phase .reactants
.and .promotes .growth .and .stimulation .of .RBCs
Cytokine .TNF .function .- .ANS✓✓-Causes .fever, .increases .synthesis .of
.proinflammatory .proteins .by .liver, .causes .muscle .wasting, .induces .thrombosis
Cytokine .growth .factor .function .- .ANS✓✓-Promotes .production .and .maturation
.of .neutrophils
Complement .- .ANS✓✓-Functions .include .bacterial .lysis, .vasodilation .and
.increased .vascular .permeability, .triggers .mast .cell .degranulation, .chemotaxis,
.and .opsonization.
Kinin .- .ANS✓✓-Converted .to .bradykinin .which .is .responsible .for .pain .and
.chemotaxis, .and .it .increases .vascular .permeability .and .vasodilation.
Coagulation .cascade .- .ANS✓✓-Factor .XII .activates .kinin. .Function .is .to .form
.fibrin .mesh .to .stop .bleeding .and .trap .micro .organisms.
COX1 .- .ANS✓✓-Prostaglandin .of .arachidonic .pathway. .Provides
.gastroprotection, .platelet .aggregation, .fluid/electrolyte .balance
COX2 .- .ANS✓✓-Prostaglandin .of .arachidonic .pathway. .Responsible .for .pain,
.fever, .renal .protection, .tissue .repair, .reproduction .development.
COX2 .inhibitors- .clinical .implications .- .ANS✓✓-Protect .gastric .mucosa-
.prevent .ulcers .and .bleeding. .Removed .from .market .r/t .cardiac .events .except
.for .Celebrex. .Can .impair .renal .function ., .monitor .labs.
Arachidonic .pathway .purpose .- .ANS✓✓-Synthesis .of .prostaglandins
Non-selective .NSAIDS .- .ANS✓✓-Inhibit .COX1 .and .COX2, .risk .for .gastric
.ulceration, .GI .bleeds, .edema, .renal .impairment
ASA .- .ANS✓✓-Blocks .COX1 .and .COX2, .also .inhibits .Thromboxane .A2 .and
.prostaglandins
Corticosteroids .- .ANS✓✓-Inhibit .phospholipase .A2, .preventing .formation .of
.prostaglandins, .thromboxane .A2, .prostacyclin, .and .leukotrines
Thromboxane .- .ANS✓✓-Vasoconstriction, .platelet .aggregation
Prostacyclin .- .ANS✓✓-Vasodilation, .platelet .aggregation .(most .effective .one)
answers 2025
HIV .EIA .(3rd .generation .immunoassay) .- .ANS✓✓-can .use .urine, .saliva, .or
.serum .(most .accurate), .need .to .wait .until .12 .weeks .post .exposure .to .see
.antibodies, .>99% .accurate
4th .generation .immunoassay- ."gold .standard"
measures .P24 .antigen
can .test .10 .days .post .exposure
Mast .cell .- .ANS✓✓-Cellular .bags .of .granules .located .in .loose .connective
.tisssue .close .to .blood .vessels. .Activation .initiates .inflammatory .process.
Histamine .- .ANS✓✓-Causes .vasodilation, .increases .vascular .permeability,
.increases .blood .flow .to .the .site .of .injury- .causes .erythema .and .swelling.
Cytokines .- .ANS✓✓-Soluble .factors .that .contribute .to .the .regulation .of .innate
.or .adaptive .resistance .by .affecting .other .neighboring .cells. .Can .be .pro-
inflammatory .or .anti-inflammatory. .Can .react .quickly .or .be .more .delayed.
Leukotrines .- .ANS✓✓-Released .when .mast .cells .degranulate, .prolong .the
.inflammatory .process. .Cause .vasodilation, .attract .neutrophils, .monocytes, .and
.eosinophils.target .of .inhibition .for .singular.
Prostaglandins .- .ANS✓✓-Released .when .mast .cells .degranulate, .are .produced
.by .the .arachidonic .pathway. .Cause .vasodilation, .platelet .aggregation .at .site .of
.injury, .pain, .and .fever.
Chemotactic .factors .- .ANS✓✓-Biochemical .substance .that .attracts .leukocyte .to
.the .site .of .inflammation
Neutrophils .- .ANS✓✓-Predominant .leukocyte .at .work .during .the .early .stages
.of .acute .inflammation
Monocytes .- .ANS✓✓-Become .macrophages .when .entering .the .tissue,
.responsible .for .presenting .antigens .to .the .CD4 .cell .which .triggers .T-cell
.immunity .and .B-cell .immunity.
Releases .additional .cytokines .IL1, .IL6, .TNF.
, Cytokine .IL1 .function .- .ANS✓✓-Causes .fever, .activates .phagocytes .&
.lymphocytes .and .also .increases .the .release .of .IL6a
Cytokine .IL6 .function .- .ANS✓✓-Stimulates .production .of .acute .phase .reactants
.and .promotes .growth .and .stimulation .of .RBCs
Cytokine .TNF .function .- .ANS✓✓-Causes .fever, .increases .synthesis .of
.proinflammatory .proteins .by .liver, .causes .muscle .wasting, .induces .thrombosis
Cytokine .growth .factor .function .- .ANS✓✓-Promotes .production .and .maturation
.of .neutrophils
Complement .- .ANS✓✓-Functions .include .bacterial .lysis, .vasodilation .and
.increased .vascular .permeability, .triggers .mast .cell .degranulation, .chemotaxis,
.and .opsonization.
Kinin .- .ANS✓✓-Converted .to .bradykinin .which .is .responsible .for .pain .and
.chemotaxis, .and .it .increases .vascular .permeability .and .vasodilation.
Coagulation .cascade .- .ANS✓✓-Factor .XII .activates .kinin. .Function .is .to .form
.fibrin .mesh .to .stop .bleeding .and .trap .micro .organisms.
COX1 .- .ANS✓✓-Prostaglandin .of .arachidonic .pathway. .Provides
.gastroprotection, .platelet .aggregation, .fluid/electrolyte .balance
COX2 .- .ANS✓✓-Prostaglandin .of .arachidonic .pathway. .Responsible .for .pain,
.fever, .renal .protection, .tissue .repair, .reproduction .development.
COX2 .inhibitors- .clinical .implications .- .ANS✓✓-Protect .gastric .mucosa-
.prevent .ulcers .and .bleeding. .Removed .from .market .r/t .cardiac .events .except
.for .Celebrex. .Can .impair .renal .function ., .monitor .labs.
Arachidonic .pathway .purpose .- .ANS✓✓-Synthesis .of .prostaglandins
Non-selective .NSAIDS .- .ANS✓✓-Inhibit .COX1 .and .COX2, .risk .for .gastric
.ulceration, .GI .bleeds, .edema, .renal .impairment
ASA .- .ANS✓✓-Blocks .COX1 .and .COX2, .also .inhibits .Thromboxane .A2 .and
.prostaglandins
Corticosteroids .- .ANS✓✓-Inhibit .phospholipase .A2, .preventing .formation .of
.prostaglandins, .thromboxane .A2, .prostacyclin, .and .leukotrines
Thromboxane .- .ANS✓✓-Vasoconstriction, .platelet .aggregation
Prostacyclin .- .ANS✓✓-Vasodilation, .platelet .aggregation .(most .effective .one)
