Introduction to Healthcare Delivery Exam Questions and Answers Latest Update 2025
Pharmacy before the 1940s - Answers Before 1800s, pharmacy was primarily an occupation for which its
practitioners were trained via apprenticeship
In 1800s, formed first professional organizations, associations and college of pharmacy
First laws: Poor Food and Drug Act of 1906, Food Drug and Cosmetic Act 1938
1940's to 1970's - Answers Significant changes in how the health care was organized, delivered and
financed "Era of Expansion"
The Hospital Survey and Construction Act of 1946: provided considerable grant monies for the
renovation and expansion of existing hospitals and new ones
Durham-Humphrey amendment to the Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act of 1951: created the prescription or
"legend" drug, whose label was required to carry the warning "Caution: Federal law prohibits dispensing
without a prescription"
Many baccalaureate pharmacy programs were expanded to include 5th year
1970's to present - Answers The Health Maintenance Organization Act of 1973 paved the way for
managed organizations to garner a larger share of the health insurance market
Two reports raised concerns among entire profession
Survey by American Pharmaceutical Association (APhA) in 1973: more respondents saw pharmacists as
businessmen rather than as healthcare providers
Millis Commission's report in 1975: suggested that pharmacists found themselves inadequately
prepared in systems analysis and management skills and had deficiencies in communicating with
patients, physicians and other healthcare professionals
Education changes 1970's to present - Answers In the late 1960s, 6-year PharmD degree introduced
Additional year devoted mostly to therapeutics courses and experiential education
Throughout the 1970s, 1980s, and early 1990s, increasing number of colleges of pharmacy began
offering PharmD degree (primarily as post-baccalaureate program)
, Pharmacist who completed such programs secured jobs as clinical pharmacists (eg. pharmacokinetic
dosing, therapeutic monitoring, etc.)
Colleges of pharmacy began phasing out their baccalaureate programs
The American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy in 1996 recommended PharmD as the entry-level
degree into the profession
Pharmaceutical care is defined as - Answers The responsible provision of drug therapy for the purpose of
achieving definite outcomes that improve a patient's quality of life
Medication therapy management - Answers Represent a comprehensive and proactive approach to help
patients maximize the benefits from drug therapy and includes services aimed at facilitating or
improving patient adherence to drug therapy, educating entire populations of persons, conducting
wellness programs, and becoming more intimately involved in disease management and monitoring
mtm model is designed to - Answers • Improve collaboration among pharmacists, physicians, and other
healthcare professionals
• Enhance communication between patients and their healthcare team
• Optimize medication use for improved patient outcome
mtm core elements include - Answers - Medication therapy review
- Personal medication record
- Medication-related action plan
- Intervention and/or referral
- Documentation and
- Follow-up
To become a pharmacist one must - Answers Complete entry-level degree
Log a certain number of intern hours practicing under the supervision of a licensed preceptor
Successfully complete the North American Pharmacist Licensure examination
Successfully complete his/or her state's jurisprudence examination
What is certification - Answers Certification
Certification is recognition by a nongovernment association or agency that an individual has completed
predetermined qualifications in a field of specialization knowledge Board of Pharmacy Specialties
Currently 6 specialties:
Pharmacy before the 1940s - Answers Before 1800s, pharmacy was primarily an occupation for which its
practitioners were trained via apprenticeship
In 1800s, formed first professional organizations, associations and college of pharmacy
First laws: Poor Food and Drug Act of 1906, Food Drug and Cosmetic Act 1938
1940's to 1970's - Answers Significant changes in how the health care was organized, delivered and
financed "Era of Expansion"
The Hospital Survey and Construction Act of 1946: provided considerable grant monies for the
renovation and expansion of existing hospitals and new ones
Durham-Humphrey amendment to the Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act of 1951: created the prescription or
"legend" drug, whose label was required to carry the warning "Caution: Federal law prohibits dispensing
without a prescription"
Many baccalaureate pharmacy programs were expanded to include 5th year
1970's to present - Answers The Health Maintenance Organization Act of 1973 paved the way for
managed organizations to garner a larger share of the health insurance market
Two reports raised concerns among entire profession
Survey by American Pharmaceutical Association (APhA) in 1973: more respondents saw pharmacists as
businessmen rather than as healthcare providers
Millis Commission's report in 1975: suggested that pharmacists found themselves inadequately
prepared in systems analysis and management skills and had deficiencies in communicating with
patients, physicians and other healthcare professionals
Education changes 1970's to present - Answers In the late 1960s, 6-year PharmD degree introduced
Additional year devoted mostly to therapeutics courses and experiential education
Throughout the 1970s, 1980s, and early 1990s, increasing number of colleges of pharmacy began
offering PharmD degree (primarily as post-baccalaureate program)
, Pharmacist who completed such programs secured jobs as clinical pharmacists (eg. pharmacokinetic
dosing, therapeutic monitoring, etc.)
Colleges of pharmacy began phasing out their baccalaureate programs
The American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy in 1996 recommended PharmD as the entry-level
degree into the profession
Pharmaceutical care is defined as - Answers The responsible provision of drug therapy for the purpose of
achieving definite outcomes that improve a patient's quality of life
Medication therapy management - Answers Represent a comprehensive and proactive approach to help
patients maximize the benefits from drug therapy and includes services aimed at facilitating or
improving patient adherence to drug therapy, educating entire populations of persons, conducting
wellness programs, and becoming more intimately involved in disease management and monitoring
mtm model is designed to - Answers • Improve collaboration among pharmacists, physicians, and other
healthcare professionals
• Enhance communication between patients and their healthcare team
• Optimize medication use for improved patient outcome
mtm core elements include - Answers - Medication therapy review
- Personal medication record
- Medication-related action plan
- Intervention and/or referral
- Documentation and
- Follow-up
To become a pharmacist one must - Answers Complete entry-level degree
Log a certain number of intern hours practicing under the supervision of a licensed preceptor
Successfully complete the North American Pharmacist Licensure examination
Successfully complete his/or her state's jurisprudence examination
What is certification - Answers Certification
Certification is recognition by a nongovernment association or agency that an individual has completed
predetermined qualifications in a field of specialization knowledge Board of Pharmacy Specialties
Currently 6 specialties:
