Exam 1 Study Guide Pharmacology Rasmussen NUR2474
1. 6 rights of med administration <Ans> i. Patient
ii. Drug
iii. Dose
iv.Time
v. Route
vi. Documentation
2. Extra rights to med admin <Ans> i. Assessment
ii. Evaluation
iii. Patient to education iv. Patient to refuse care
3. Biggest medication error is misinterpreting prescriptions o not assume
<Ans> i. D if something is unclear about an order. Clarify with
prescriber.
ii. TORB and VORB
(Telephone order read back) (Verbal order read back).
4. Pre- medication administration assessment and interventions <Ans> 1. If
patient is complaining of pain 10/10, intervene (prn meds, standing orders, call
physician for new orders) then assess.
2. Collection of baseline data to evaluate therapeutic effects and adverse effects.
3. Identification of high-risk patients.
4. Assessment of the patient's capacity for self-care.
5. Allergies?
a) Collect history. What happens during an allergic reaction?
b) If patient is having an allergic reaction <Ans> primary intervention is to
STOP THE MEDICATION THAT IS CAUSING THE REACTION.
6. If patient refuses drug, determine why. INVESTIGATE.
,5. Post- medication administration assessment and interventions <Ans> 1.
Thera- peutic response 2. Adverse reaction and interaction
3. Adherence to treatment
4. Satisfaction with treatment
6. Patient teaching for medication therapy in general (safety, and compliance)-
<Ans> i. Safety
1. If medication causing certain side effects, consult physician.
ii. Compliance
1. It is important not to stop or change a medication without consulting the physician.
2. Take medications as prescribed and for the reason they are prescribed.
7. Side effects vs adverse effects vs allergies <Ans> a. Side effects.
i. Nausea, vomiting, expected and unavoidable reactions, drug effects produced at
therapeutic level.
b. Adverse effects.
,i. Noxious, unintended, and undesired effect that occurs at normal drug doses,
harmful at therapeutic level.
c. Allergies.
i. Redness, itching, hives, swelling; A condition in which the immune system reacts
abnormally to a foreign substance. ns, drug
8. a. Side effects. <Ans> i. Nausea, vomiting, expected and unavoidable
reactio effects produced at therapeutic level.
9. b. Adverse effects. <Ans> i. Noxious, unintended, and undesired effect that
occurs at normal drug doses, harmful at therapeutic level. hich the im-
10. c. Allergies. <Ans> i. Redness, itching, hives, swelling; A
condition in w mune system reacts abnormally to a foreign
substance.
11. Intended effect <Ans> i. Maintenance of vital signs within expected
mits. li
ii. Decrease in the risk of seizures.
iii. Decrease in the intensity of withdrawal manifestations.
iv. Substitution therapy during alcohol withdrawal.
12. Teratogenic effect <Ans> i. Drug-induced birth defect.
ii. Birth defects are not limited to distortions of gross anatomy; they also include
neurobehavioral and metabolic anomalies.
, 13. Paradoxical effect <Ans> i. Opposite the intended drug effect.
ii. Common example <Ans>
1. Insomnia and excitement that may occur when some children and older adults are
given benzodiazepines for sedation.
14. Tolerance <Ans> i. Pharmacodynamic tolerance
1. Reduced responsiveness to a medication that clients take over time.
ii. Metabolic tolerance 1. Metabolism of medication increases over time and the
effectiveness of the medication declines.
iii. Cross-tolerance
1. Become tolerant to a medication that is chemically similar to another medication
they became tolerant of.
1. 6 rights of med administration <Ans> i. Patient
ii. Drug
iii. Dose
iv.Time
v. Route
vi. Documentation
2. Extra rights to med admin <Ans> i. Assessment
ii. Evaluation
iii. Patient to education iv. Patient to refuse care
3. Biggest medication error is misinterpreting prescriptions o not assume
<Ans> i. D if something is unclear about an order. Clarify with
prescriber.
ii. TORB and VORB
(Telephone order read back) (Verbal order read back).
4. Pre- medication administration assessment and interventions <Ans> 1. If
patient is complaining of pain 10/10, intervene (prn meds, standing orders, call
physician for new orders) then assess.
2. Collection of baseline data to evaluate therapeutic effects and adverse effects.
3. Identification of high-risk patients.
4. Assessment of the patient's capacity for self-care.
5. Allergies?
a) Collect history. What happens during an allergic reaction?
b) If patient is having an allergic reaction <Ans> primary intervention is to
STOP THE MEDICATION THAT IS CAUSING THE REACTION.
6. If patient refuses drug, determine why. INVESTIGATE.
,5. Post- medication administration assessment and interventions <Ans> 1.
Thera- peutic response 2. Adverse reaction and interaction
3. Adherence to treatment
4. Satisfaction with treatment
6. Patient teaching for medication therapy in general (safety, and compliance)-
<Ans> i. Safety
1. If medication causing certain side effects, consult physician.
ii. Compliance
1. It is important not to stop or change a medication without consulting the physician.
2. Take medications as prescribed and for the reason they are prescribed.
7. Side effects vs adverse effects vs allergies <Ans> a. Side effects.
i. Nausea, vomiting, expected and unavoidable reactions, drug effects produced at
therapeutic level.
b. Adverse effects.
,i. Noxious, unintended, and undesired effect that occurs at normal drug doses,
harmful at therapeutic level.
c. Allergies.
i. Redness, itching, hives, swelling; A condition in which the immune system reacts
abnormally to a foreign substance. ns, drug
8. a. Side effects. <Ans> i. Nausea, vomiting, expected and unavoidable
reactio effects produced at therapeutic level.
9. b. Adverse effects. <Ans> i. Noxious, unintended, and undesired effect that
occurs at normal drug doses, harmful at therapeutic level. hich the im-
10. c. Allergies. <Ans> i. Redness, itching, hives, swelling; A
condition in w mune system reacts abnormally to a foreign
substance.
11. Intended effect <Ans> i. Maintenance of vital signs within expected
mits. li
ii. Decrease in the risk of seizures.
iii. Decrease in the intensity of withdrawal manifestations.
iv. Substitution therapy during alcohol withdrawal.
12. Teratogenic effect <Ans> i. Drug-induced birth defect.
ii. Birth defects are not limited to distortions of gross anatomy; they also include
neurobehavioral and metabolic anomalies.
, 13. Paradoxical effect <Ans> i. Opposite the intended drug effect.
ii. Common example <Ans>
1. Insomnia and excitement that may occur when some children and older adults are
given benzodiazepines for sedation.
14. Tolerance <Ans> i. Pharmacodynamic tolerance
1. Reduced responsiveness to a medication that clients take over time.
ii. Metabolic tolerance 1. Metabolism of medication increases over time and the
effectiveness of the medication declines.
iii. Cross-tolerance
1. Become tolerant to a medication that is chemically similar to another medication
they became tolerant of.
