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NUR 242 MED SURG EXAM 3 LATEST ACTUAL EXAM 180
QUESTIONS AND 100% CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH
RATIONALE LATEST 2025 - GALEN COLLEGE OF NURSING
1. GERD Risk factors include: Consumption of foods such as caffeine, alcohol, spicy or fried foods, chocolate,
and tomatoes. Lifestyle factors play a big part especially alcohol and smoking.
2. GERD the nursing assessment should include: asking about a history of heartburn or atypical chest pain
associated with the reflux of GI contents.
3. GERD manifests differently depending on: the patient and the severity of the disorder
4. GERD most common symptoms: -Heartburn (pyrosis)
-Dyspepsia (Indigestion)
(May be described as substernal burning moving up and down the chest)
5. GERD pain usually develops within: 30-60 minutes after meals
Severe heartburn pain can radiate to the neck, jaw, or back and patients may think they are having an MI
6. GERD symptoms are exacerbated when: lying down flat or bending over
7. GERD regurgitation may lead to: Aspiration or bronchitis
These patients are at risk of aspirating when lying flat
8. Symptoms of GERD include: Coughing or wheezing at night, dysphagia, belch- ing and nausea, hoarseness, and
insomnia. Assess lungs for presence of crackles.
9. Hiatal Hernia: A condition where a part of the stomach that normally is located in the abdominal cavity protrudes
through the esophageal hiatus to rest within the chest cavity
10. Hiatal Hernia symptoms usually worsen after meals.These symptoms may be made worse when: Lying flat
and may resolve with sitting up or walking.
11. Hiatal Hernia patients should immediately report: abdominal pain with nau- sea, vomiting, and fever
12. Hiatal Hernia lifestyle changes may include: elevating the head of the bed when sleeping to allow gravity to
prevent acid from refluxing into the esophagus and remaining upright after meals.
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13. Hiatal hernia Diet should consist of: small frequent meals instead of eating two or three larger meals a day.
Avoid vigorous movement after meals.
14. Hiatal hernia foods that should be avoided include: spicy, greasy foods, onions, tomatoes and citrus
fruits
15. Gastritis occurs when: the lining of the stomach known as the mucosa be- comes inflamed or swollen. When
the stomach mucosa becomes inflamed edema, hemorrhage and erosion of the mucosa occur.
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16. Medical treatment for Gastritis depends on the specific cause. Patients will be instructed to stop taking
irritating medications such as: ASA and NSAIDS
17. Gastritis medications to decrease the amount of hydrochloric acid in the stomach. these would include:
Antacids, H2 antagonists, and Proton pump inhibitors
18. The patient with Gastritis is at risk for: Deficient Fluid Volume
A nursing priority is to access the patient's hydration status. Includes I&O, Daily Weights, &VS.
19. Peptic Ulcers Disease: are a break in the mucous lining of gastrointestinal tract from continued contact with
gastric juice. This results in inflammation. Pain that is worsened by the ingestion of food.
20. Ulcers in the mucosa of GI tract occur from several different causes. Duodenal ulcers are
associated with a: H. Pylori infection
21. Gastric ulcer pain is described as: a dull, aching pain, often right after a meal; eating does not relieve pain and
may even worsen it. Pain may also occur late at night.
22. Other symptoms associated with PUD are: Nausea with or without vomiting, weight loss, anorexia, belching
and dyspepsia (indigestion). Patient may report a distended abdomen that is painful.
23. PUD increased risk factor in: Smokers
smoking contributes to the pathogenesis of peptic ulcer disease. Smoking causes an acceleration of gastric emptying of
liquids, promotes of duodenogastric reflux and causes a reduction in mucosal blood flow. Patient should attend a smoking
cessation course.
24. Gastric Cancer: Stomach cancers tend to develop slowly over many years. Before a true cancer develops,
pre-cancerous changes often occur in the inner lining (mucosa) of the stomach. These early changes rarely cause
symptoms and therefore often go undetected
25. The decline of stomach acids has been linked to the frequent use of an- tibiotics to treat infection.
Antibiotics can kill the bacteria called: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), which is though to be a major cause of
stomach cancer
NUR 242 MED SURG EXAM 3 LATEST ACTUAL EXAM 180
QUESTIONS AND 100% CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH
RATIONALE LATEST 2025 - GALEN COLLEGE OF NURSING
1. GERD Risk factors include: Consumption of foods such as caffeine, alcohol, spicy or fried foods, chocolate,
and tomatoes. Lifestyle factors play a big part especially alcohol and smoking.
2. GERD the nursing assessment should include: asking about a history of heartburn or atypical chest pain
associated with the reflux of GI contents.
3. GERD manifests differently depending on: the patient and the severity of the disorder
4. GERD most common symptoms: -Heartburn (pyrosis)
-Dyspepsia (Indigestion)
(May be described as substernal burning moving up and down the chest)
5. GERD pain usually develops within: 30-60 minutes after meals
Severe heartburn pain can radiate to the neck, jaw, or back and patients may think they are having an MI
6. GERD symptoms are exacerbated when: lying down flat or bending over
7. GERD regurgitation may lead to: Aspiration or bronchitis
These patients are at risk of aspirating when lying flat
8. Symptoms of GERD include: Coughing or wheezing at night, dysphagia, belch- ing and nausea, hoarseness, and
insomnia. Assess lungs for presence of crackles.
9. Hiatal Hernia: A condition where a part of the stomach that normally is located in the abdominal cavity protrudes
through the esophageal hiatus to rest within the chest cavity
10. Hiatal Hernia symptoms usually worsen after meals.These symptoms may be made worse when: Lying flat
and may resolve with sitting up or walking.
11. Hiatal Hernia patients should immediately report: abdominal pain with nau- sea, vomiting, and fever
12. Hiatal Hernia lifestyle changes may include: elevating the head of the bed when sleeping to allow gravity to
prevent acid from refluxing into the esophagus and remaining upright after meals.
,2|Page
13. Hiatal hernia Diet should consist of: small frequent meals instead of eating two or three larger meals a day.
Avoid vigorous movement after meals.
14. Hiatal hernia foods that should be avoided include: spicy, greasy foods, onions, tomatoes and citrus
fruits
15. Gastritis occurs when: the lining of the stomach known as the mucosa be- comes inflamed or swollen. When
the stomach mucosa becomes inflamed edema, hemorrhage and erosion of the mucosa occur.
,3|Page
16. Medical treatment for Gastritis depends on the specific cause. Patients will be instructed to stop taking
irritating medications such as: ASA and NSAIDS
17. Gastritis medications to decrease the amount of hydrochloric acid in the stomach. these would include:
Antacids, H2 antagonists, and Proton pump inhibitors
18. The patient with Gastritis is at risk for: Deficient Fluid Volume
A nursing priority is to access the patient's hydration status. Includes I&O, Daily Weights, &VS.
19. Peptic Ulcers Disease: are a break in the mucous lining of gastrointestinal tract from continued contact with
gastric juice. This results in inflammation. Pain that is worsened by the ingestion of food.
20. Ulcers in the mucosa of GI tract occur from several different causes. Duodenal ulcers are
associated with a: H. Pylori infection
21. Gastric ulcer pain is described as: a dull, aching pain, often right after a meal; eating does not relieve pain and
may even worsen it. Pain may also occur late at night.
22. Other symptoms associated with PUD are: Nausea with or without vomiting, weight loss, anorexia, belching
and dyspepsia (indigestion). Patient may report a distended abdomen that is painful.
23. PUD increased risk factor in: Smokers
smoking contributes to the pathogenesis of peptic ulcer disease. Smoking causes an acceleration of gastric emptying of
liquids, promotes of duodenogastric reflux and causes a reduction in mucosal blood flow. Patient should attend a smoking
cessation course.
24. Gastric Cancer: Stomach cancers tend to develop slowly over many years. Before a true cancer develops,
pre-cancerous changes often occur in the inner lining (mucosa) of the stomach. These early changes rarely cause
symptoms and therefore often go undetected
25. The decline of stomach acids has been linked to the frequent use of an- tibiotics to treat infection.
Antibiotics can kill the bacteria called: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), which is though to be a major cause of
stomach cancer
