Diabetes Mellitus NCLEX
exam review with 100%
correct answers.
The nurse is reviewing laboratory results for the clinic patients to be seen today.
Which patient meets the diagnostic criteria for diabetes mellitus?
a. A 48-year-old woman with a hemoglobin A1C of 8.4%
b. A 58-year-old man with a fasting blood glucose of 111 mg/dL
c. A 68-year-old woman with a random plasma glucose of 190 mg/dL
d. A 78-year-old man with a 2-hour glucose tolerance plasma glucose of 184
mg/dL - correct answer✔️✔️a. A 48-year-old woman with a hemoglobin A1C of
8.4%
Criteria for a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus include a hemoglobin A1C ≥ 6.5%,
fasting plasma glucose level =126 mg/dL, 2-hour plasma glucose level =200
mg/dL during an oral glucose tolerance test, or classic symptoms of hyperglycemia
or hyperglycemic crisis with a random plasma glucose =200 mg/dL.
The nurse teaches a 38-year-old man who was recently diagnosed with type 1
diabetes mellitus about insulin administration. Which statement by the patient
requires an intervention by the nurse?
a. "I will discard any insulin bottle that is cloudy in appearance."
b. "The best injection site for insulin administration is in my abdomen."
c. "I can wash the site with soap and water before insulin administration."
d. "I may keep my insulin at room temperature (75o F) for up to a month." - correct
answer✔️✔️a. "I will discard any insulin bottle that is cloudy in appearance."
,Intermediate-acting insulin and combination premixed insulin will be cloudy in
appearance. Routine hygiene such as washing with soap and rinsing with water is
adequate for skin preparation for the patient during self-injections. Insulin vials
that the patient is currently using may be left at room temperature for up to 4
weeks unless the room temperature is higher than 86° F (30° C) or below freezing
(less than 32° F [0° C]). Rotating sites to different anatomic sites is no longer
recommended. Patients should rotate the injection within one particular site, such
as the abdomen.
The nurse instructs a 22-year-old female patient with diabetes mellitus about a
healthy eating plan. Which statement made by the patient indicates that teaching
was successful?
a. "I plan to lose 25 pounds this year by following a high-protein diet."
b. "I may have a hypoglycemic reaction if I drink alcohol on an empty stomach."
c. "I should include more fiber in my diet than a person who does not have
diabetes."
d. "If I use an insulin pump, I will not need to limit the amount of saturated fat in
my diet." - correct answer✔️✔️b. "I may have a hypoglycemic reaction if I drink
alcohol on an empty stomach."
The risk for alcohol-induced hypoglycemia is reduced by eating carbohydrates
when drinking alcohol. Intensified insulin therapy, such as the use of an insulin
pump, allows considerable flexibility in food selection and can be adjusted for
alterations from usual eating and exercise habits. However, saturated fat intake
should still be limited to less than 7% of total daily calories. Daily fiber intake of
14 g/1000 kcal is recommended for the general population and for patients with
diabetes mellitus. High-protein diets are not recommended for weight loss.
Which patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus would be at the highest risk for
developing hypoglycemic unawareness?
a. A 58-year-old patient with diabetic retinopathy
, b. A 73-year-old patient who takes propranolol (Inderal)
c. A 19-year-old patient who is on the school track team
d. A 24-year-old patient with a hemoglobin A1C of 8.9% - correct answer✔️✔️b.
A 73-year-old patient who takes propranolol (Inderal)
Hypoglycemic unawareness is a condition in which a person does not experience
the warning signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia until the person becomes
incoherent and combative or loses consciousness. Hypoglycemic awareness is
related to autonomic neuropathy of diabetes that interferes with the secretion of
counterregulatory hormones that produce these symptoms. Older patients and
patients who use â-adrenergic blockers (e.g., propranolol) are at risk for
hypoglycemic unawareness.
The nurse is teaching a 60-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes mellitus how to
prevent diabetic nephropathy. Which statement made by the patient indicates that
teaching has been successful?
a. "Smokeless tobacco products decrease the risk of kidney damage."
b. "I can help control my blood pressure by avoiding foods high in salt."
c. "I should have yearly dilated eye examinations by an ophthalmologist."
d. "I will avoid hypoglycemia by keeping my blood sugar above 180 mg/dL." -
correct answer✔️✔️b. "I can help control my blood pressure by avoiding foods
high in salt."
Diabetic nephropathy is a microvascular complication associated with damage to
the small blood vessels that supply the glomeruli of the kidney. Risk factors for the
development of diabetic nephropathy include hypertension, genetic predisposition,
smoking, and chronic hyperglycemia. Patients with diabetes are screened for
nephropathy annually with a measurement of the albumin-to-creatinine ratio in
urine; a serum creatinine is also needed.
exam review with 100%
correct answers.
The nurse is reviewing laboratory results for the clinic patients to be seen today.
Which patient meets the diagnostic criteria for diabetes mellitus?
a. A 48-year-old woman with a hemoglobin A1C of 8.4%
b. A 58-year-old man with a fasting blood glucose of 111 mg/dL
c. A 68-year-old woman with a random plasma glucose of 190 mg/dL
d. A 78-year-old man with a 2-hour glucose tolerance plasma glucose of 184
mg/dL - correct answer✔️✔️a. A 48-year-old woman with a hemoglobin A1C of
8.4%
Criteria for a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus include a hemoglobin A1C ≥ 6.5%,
fasting plasma glucose level =126 mg/dL, 2-hour plasma glucose level =200
mg/dL during an oral glucose tolerance test, or classic symptoms of hyperglycemia
or hyperglycemic crisis with a random plasma glucose =200 mg/dL.
The nurse teaches a 38-year-old man who was recently diagnosed with type 1
diabetes mellitus about insulin administration. Which statement by the patient
requires an intervention by the nurse?
a. "I will discard any insulin bottle that is cloudy in appearance."
b. "The best injection site for insulin administration is in my abdomen."
c. "I can wash the site with soap and water before insulin administration."
d. "I may keep my insulin at room temperature (75o F) for up to a month." - correct
answer✔️✔️a. "I will discard any insulin bottle that is cloudy in appearance."
,Intermediate-acting insulin and combination premixed insulin will be cloudy in
appearance. Routine hygiene such as washing with soap and rinsing with water is
adequate for skin preparation for the patient during self-injections. Insulin vials
that the patient is currently using may be left at room temperature for up to 4
weeks unless the room temperature is higher than 86° F (30° C) or below freezing
(less than 32° F [0° C]). Rotating sites to different anatomic sites is no longer
recommended. Patients should rotate the injection within one particular site, such
as the abdomen.
The nurse instructs a 22-year-old female patient with diabetes mellitus about a
healthy eating plan. Which statement made by the patient indicates that teaching
was successful?
a. "I plan to lose 25 pounds this year by following a high-protein diet."
b. "I may have a hypoglycemic reaction if I drink alcohol on an empty stomach."
c. "I should include more fiber in my diet than a person who does not have
diabetes."
d. "If I use an insulin pump, I will not need to limit the amount of saturated fat in
my diet." - correct answer✔️✔️b. "I may have a hypoglycemic reaction if I drink
alcohol on an empty stomach."
The risk for alcohol-induced hypoglycemia is reduced by eating carbohydrates
when drinking alcohol. Intensified insulin therapy, such as the use of an insulin
pump, allows considerable flexibility in food selection and can be adjusted for
alterations from usual eating and exercise habits. However, saturated fat intake
should still be limited to less than 7% of total daily calories. Daily fiber intake of
14 g/1000 kcal is recommended for the general population and for patients with
diabetes mellitus. High-protein diets are not recommended for weight loss.
Which patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus would be at the highest risk for
developing hypoglycemic unawareness?
a. A 58-year-old patient with diabetic retinopathy
, b. A 73-year-old patient who takes propranolol (Inderal)
c. A 19-year-old patient who is on the school track team
d. A 24-year-old patient with a hemoglobin A1C of 8.9% - correct answer✔️✔️b.
A 73-year-old patient who takes propranolol (Inderal)
Hypoglycemic unawareness is a condition in which a person does not experience
the warning signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia until the person becomes
incoherent and combative or loses consciousness. Hypoglycemic awareness is
related to autonomic neuropathy of diabetes that interferes with the secretion of
counterregulatory hormones that produce these symptoms. Older patients and
patients who use â-adrenergic blockers (e.g., propranolol) are at risk for
hypoglycemic unawareness.
The nurse is teaching a 60-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes mellitus how to
prevent diabetic nephropathy. Which statement made by the patient indicates that
teaching has been successful?
a. "Smokeless tobacco products decrease the risk of kidney damage."
b. "I can help control my blood pressure by avoiding foods high in salt."
c. "I should have yearly dilated eye examinations by an ophthalmologist."
d. "I will avoid hypoglycemia by keeping my blood sugar above 180 mg/dL." -
correct answer✔️✔️b. "I can help control my blood pressure by avoiding foods
high in salt."
Diabetic nephropathy is a microvascular complication associated with damage to
the small blood vessels that supply the glomeruli of the kidney. Risk factors for the
development of diabetic nephropathy include hypertension, genetic predisposition,
smoking, and chronic hyperglycemia. Patients with diabetes are screened for
nephropathy annually with a measurement of the albumin-to-creatinine ratio in
urine; a serum creatinine is also needed.
