MS4 MIDTERM EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
COMPLETE VERIFIED SOLUTIONS GRADED A++
LOOK AT THE BLUEPRINT SO YOU KNOW WHAT YOU NEED TO FOCUS ON
TAKE A BREAK. HAVE A DRINK. CRY. ALL OF THE ABOVE. IDK. ALMOST THERE,
GOOD LUCK!
Frostbite
Superficial:
- Involves skin and SubQ tissue
- Skin appears waxy pale yellow to blue to mottled; feels crunchy and frozen
- Tingling, numbness, or burning sensation
- Never squeeze, massage, or scrub the injured tissue
- Swelling will occur with thawing (remove clothing and jewelry to prevent constriction of
circulation)
- Immerse in temperature controlled circulating water bath 99.0° to 102°F (rewarming
the patient)
- Analgesia and tetanus prophylaxis as appropriate; assess for systemic hypothermia
Deep:
- Involves muscle, bone, and tendon
- Skin is white, hard, and insensitive to touch
- Mottling gradually progresses to gangrene
- Immerse in temperature controlled circulating water bath 99.0° to 102°F (rewarming)
,- After rewarming, elevate extremity to decrease edema
- IV analgesia, NSAIDs, tetanus prophylaxis, assess for systemic hypothermia
- Amputation may be required, prophylactic ABx may be needed
ESI Levels
ESI 1:
- Immediate, life-saving intervention required
- Cardiac arrest, intubated trauma patient, OD with bradypnea, severe respiratory
distress, anaphylactic shock, hypoglycemia w/change in mental status
ESI 2:
- High-risk, severe pain, or LOC changes
- Chest pain from ischemia, multiple trauma unless responsive, suicidal patient,
immunocompromised patient w/fever, acute stroke
ESI 3:
- Requires 2 resources but not life-threatening
- Abdominal pain or gynecologic disorders unless in severe distress, hip fracture in older
patient, vomiting, HTN
ESI 4:
- Requires 1 resource
- Closed extremity trauma, simple laceration, cystitis
ESI 5:
- No resources required
- Cold sx, minor burn, poison ivy, recheck (e.g., wound), Rx refill
Triage protocols
, Red (immediate):
- Life-threatening injuries
- Severe bleeding, open fractures, shock, ALOC
Yellow (delayed):
- Serious injuries but not immediately life-threatening
- Closed fractures for example
Green (minor):
- "Walking wounded"
- Abrasions, sprains, lacerations
Black (expectant):
- Either deceased or injuries so severe that survival is unlikely
- Bullet wound to the head, agonal breathing, unresponsive
Primary vs Secondary Survey
Primary:
- ABCDEFG
- Airway
- Breathing
- Circulation
- Disability
- Exposure
- Full set of vitals & family presence
- Getting other monitoring devices
Secondary:
COMPLETE VERIFIED SOLUTIONS GRADED A++
LOOK AT THE BLUEPRINT SO YOU KNOW WHAT YOU NEED TO FOCUS ON
TAKE A BREAK. HAVE A DRINK. CRY. ALL OF THE ABOVE. IDK. ALMOST THERE,
GOOD LUCK!
Frostbite
Superficial:
- Involves skin and SubQ tissue
- Skin appears waxy pale yellow to blue to mottled; feels crunchy and frozen
- Tingling, numbness, or burning sensation
- Never squeeze, massage, or scrub the injured tissue
- Swelling will occur with thawing (remove clothing and jewelry to prevent constriction of
circulation)
- Immerse in temperature controlled circulating water bath 99.0° to 102°F (rewarming
the patient)
- Analgesia and tetanus prophylaxis as appropriate; assess for systemic hypothermia
Deep:
- Involves muscle, bone, and tendon
- Skin is white, hard, and insensitive to touch
- Mottling gradually progresses to gangrene
- Immerse in temperature controlled circulating water bath 99.0° to 102°F (rewarming)
,- After rewarming, elevate extremity to decrease edema
- IV analgesia, NSAIDs, tetanus prophylaxis, assess for systemic hypothermia
- Amputation may be required, prophylactic ABx may be needed
ESI Levels
ESI 1:
- Immediate, life-saving intervention required
- Cardiac arrest, intubated trauma patient, OD with bradypnea, severe respiratory
distress, anaphylactic shock, hypoglycemia w/change in mental status
ESI 2:
- High-risk, severe pain, or LOC changes
- Chest pain from ischemia, multiple trauma unless responsive, suicidal patient,
immunocompromised patient w/fever, acute stroke
ESI 3:
- Requires 2 resources but not life-threatening
- Abdominal pain or gynecologic disorders unless in severe distress, hip fracture in older
patient, vomiting, HTN
ESI 4:
- Requires 1 resource
- Closed extremity trauma, simple laceration, cystitis
ESI 5:
- No resources required
- Cold sx, minor burn, poison ivy, recheck (e.g., wound), Rx refill
Triage protocols
, Red (immediate):
- Life-threatening injuries
- Severe bleeding, open fractures, shock, ALOC
Yellow (delayed):
- Serious injuries but not immediately life-threatening
- Closed fractures for example
Green (minor):
- "Walking wounded"
- Abrasions, sprains, lacerations
Black (expectant):
- Either deceased or injuries so severe that survival is unlikely
- Bullet wound to the head, agonal breathing, unresponsive
Primary vs Secondary Survey
Primary:
- ABCDEFG
- Airway
- Breathing
- Circulation
- Disability
- Exposure
- Full set of vitals & family presence
- Getting other monitoring devices
Secondary:
