MS4 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED GRADED A++
absorption
Absorption of particles of gas or liquid in liquid or solid material
adsorption
the process by which a liquid or gas adsorbate is adsorbed by an adsorbent, forming
film on the adsorbent's surface
aerobic digestion
the breakdown of waste by microorganisms int he presence of dissolved oxygen
algae
one celled or multi celled plants that are either suspended in water or attached to
submerged rocks or other material. There abundance is measured by the amount of
chlorophyll A in water samples
ambient water quality
water quality of a water body measured immediately upstream (or outside) of the
influence of a particular source of pollutants or pollutant parameters during average flow
conditions
anaerobic digestion
a series of processes in which microorganisms break down biodegradable material in
the absence of oxygen
anti-degradation
,an spa policy designed to prevent deterioration of existing levels of good water quality
arid area
any area receiving less then 10 inches of rainfall a year
armor
artificial surfacing of bed, banks, shore or embankment to resist erosion or scour
arroyo
waterway of an ephemeral stream deeply carved in rock or ancient alluvium
artesian waters
percolating waters confined below impermeable formations with sufficient pressure to
spring or well up to the surface
baffle
a pier, vane, sill, fence, wall or mound built on the bed of a stream to parry, deflect,
check or disturb the flow or to float on the surface to deflect or dampen cross currents or
waters
bank protection
revetment or other armor protecting a bank of a stream from erosion, includes devices
to deflect the forces or erosion away form the bank
base flood
the flood or tide having a 1 % chance of being exceeded in an given year (the hundred
year flood). The base flood is commonly used as the "standard flood" in Federal flood
insurance studies.
base floodplain
the area subject to flooding by the base flood
,base flow
the flow contribution to a creek by groundwater. During dry periods, base flow
constitutes the majority of stream flow.
basin
(1) the surface area tributary to a stream or lake. (2) Space above of below ground
capable of retaining or detaining water or debris
bay
an indentation of bank or shore, including erosional cuts, slip outs, not necessarily large
beach
the zone of sedimentary material that extends landward from the the low water line to
the place where there is a marked change in material or form, to the line of permanent
vegetation (usually the effective limit of storm waves). The seaward limit of a beach,
unless otherwise specified, is the mean low water line. A beach nuclides foreshore and
back shore.
bed
the earth below any body of water, limited laterally by bank or shore.
bed load
sediment that moves by rolling, sliding, or skipping along the bed and is essentially in
contact with the stream bed.
bedding
the foundation under a drainage structure
beneficial uses
, as referred ot in the state water quality standards, beneficial uses are activities that
range from recreational to agricultural uses, deepening on the source of the water.
benthic
of or relating to or happening on the bottom under abode of water
berm
(1) a bench or terrace between two slopes. (2) A nearly horizontal part of the beach or
back shore formed at the high water line by waves depositing material. Some beaches
have no berms, others may have several.
Best Management Practice
A measure that is implemented to protect water quality and reduce the potential for
pollution associated with run-off. (2) Any program, technology, process, sizing criteria,
operating method, measure or device that controls, prevents, removes or reduces
pollution.
bioaccumulation
a general term for the accumulation of substances, such as pesticides, methyl mercury,
or other organic chemicals in an organism or part of an organism. The accumulation
process involves the biological sequestering of substances that enter the organism
through respiration, food intake, epidermal contact and.or other means. The
sequestering results in the organism having higher concentration of the substance than
the concentration in the organisms surrounding environment.
Biochemical oxygen demand
Chemical procedure for determining the uptake rate of dissolved oxygen by the
biological organisms in a body of water. It is not a precise quantitative test, although it is
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED GRADED A++
absorption
Absorption of particles of gas or liquid in liquid or solid material
adsorption
the process by which a liquid or gas adsorbate is adsorbed by an adsorbent, forming
film on the adsorbent's surface
aerobic digestion
the breakdown of waste by microorganisms int he presence of dissolved oxygen
algae
one celled or multi celled plants that are either suspended in water or attached to
submerged rocks or other material. There abundance is measured by the amount of
chlorophyll A in water samples
ambient water quality
water quality of a water body measured immediately upstream (or outside) of the
influence of a particular source of pollutants or pollutant parameters during average flow
conditions
anaerobic digestion
a series of processes in which microorganisms break down biodegradable material in
the absence of oxygen
anti-degradation
,an spa policy designed to prevent deterioration of existing levels of good water quality
arid area
any area receiving less then 10 inches of rainfall a year
armor
artificial surfacing of bed, banks, shore or embankment to resist erosion or scour
arroyo
waterway of an ephemeral stream deeply carved in rock or ancient alluvium
artesian waters
percolating waters confined below impermeable formations with sufficient pressure to
spring or well up to the surface
baffle
a pier, vane, sill, fence, wall or mound built on the bed of a stream to parry, deflect,
check or disturb the flow or to float on the surface to deflect or dampen cross currents or
waters
bank protection
revetment or other armor protecting a bank of a stream from erosion, includes devices
to deflect the forces or erosion away form the bank
base flood
the flood or tide having a 1 % chance of being exceeded in an given year (the hundred
year flood). The base flood is commonly used as the "standard flood" in Federal flood
insurance studies.
base floodplain
the area subject to flooding by the base flood
,base flow
the flow contribution to a creek by groundwater. During dry periods, base flow
constitutes the majority of stream flow.
basin
(1) the surface area tributary to a stream or lake. (2) Space above of below ground
capable of retaining or detaining water or debris
bay
an indentation of bank or shore, including erosional cuts, slip outs, not necessarily large
beach
the zone of sedimentary material that extends landward from the the low water line to
the place where there is a marked change in material or form, to the line of permanent
vegetation (usually the effective limit of storm waves). The seaward limit of a beach,
unless otherwise specified, is the mean low water line. A beach nuclides foreshore and
back shore.
bed
the earth below any body of water, limited laterally by bank or shore.
bed load
sediment that moves by rolling, sliding, or skipping along the bed and is essentially in
contact with the stream bed.
bedding
the foundation under a drainage structure
beneficial uses
, as referred ot in the state water quality standards, beneficial uses are activities that
range from recreational to agricultural uses, deepening on the source of the water.
benthic
of or relating to or happening on the bottom under abode of water
berm
(1) a bench or terrace between two slopes. (2) A nearly horizontal part of the beach or
back shore formed at the high water line by waves depositing material. Some beaches
have no berms, others may have several.
Best Management Practice
A measure that is implemented to protect water quality and reduce the potential for
pollution associated with run-off. (2) Any program, technology, process, sizing criteria,
operating method, measure or device that controls, prevents, removes or reduces
pollution.
bioaccumulation
a general term for the accumulation of substances, such as pesticides, methyl mercury,
or other organic chemicals in an organism or part of an organism. The accumulation
process involves the biological sequestering of substances that enter the organism
through respiration, food intake, epidermal contact and.or other means. The
sequestering results in the organism having higher concentration of the substance than
the concentration in the organisms surrounding environment.
Biochemical oxygen demand
Chemical procedure for determining the uptake rate of dissolved oxygen by the
biological organisms in a body of water. It is not a precise quantitative test, although it is
