MS4 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED
EMTALA
Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act
DEscribe EMTALA
Have to treat a patient if they show up to the hospital and are unstable. Key is that it
needs to be a medical emergency. If not, can just "splint" and send elsewhere
EMTALA inappropriate transfer
Transferring an unstable patient to another facility without proper stabilization is a
violation.
EMTALA Delaying treatment
Unnecessary delays in providing medical screening or stabilizing treatment can be
considered a violation.
What can raise the number of ED visits?
Aging population, lack of primary care/insurance, lack of doctors, mental health crisis,
substance abuse
Level 1 ESI
(Most Urgent): Requires immediate life-saving intervention (e.g., cardiac arrest,
respiratory distress).
Level 2 ESI
(Emergent): High risk situation, potentially life-threatening, requires intervention within
minutes (e.g., chest pain, stroke symptoms).
,Level 3 ESI
Stable with potentially serious conditions, requires multiple resources and intervention
within a reasonable time frame (e.g., abdominal pain, fractures).
Level 4 ESI
(Less Urgent): Stable with non-life-threatening conditions, requires one resource (e.g.,
sprains, minor lacerations).
Level 5 ESI
(Non-Urgent): Stable with minor conditions, requires no resources (e.g., prescription
refills, minor injuries)
AVPU
- Level of conscousness assessment
- When you walk into the room, does the patient open eyes right away (alert)? Do you
have to say their name (voice)? Only respond to painful stimuli (Pain)? or are they
Unresponsive?
Primary Survey (ABCDEFG)
A – Airway (Is it open and patent? Need for suction or airway adjuncts?)
B – Breathing (Rate, effort, oxygenation, need for ventilation?)
C – Circulation (Pulse, skin signs, major bleeding, perfusion?)
D – Disability (Level of consciousness, pupil response, neurological status?)
E – Exposure/Environment (Check for hidden injuries, maintain temperature)
F – Full Set of Vitals/Five Interventions (Monitor vitals, ECG, IV access)
G – Get resuscitation and give Comfort (Pain control, emotional support)
A in primary survey
, Alertness and Airway (Is it open and patent? Need for suction or airway adjuncts?) and
AVPU
B in primary survey
Breathing (Rate, effort, oxygenation, need for ventilation?)
C in primary survey
Circulation (Pulse, skin signs, major bleeding, perfusion?)
D in primary survey
Disability (Level of consciousness (GCS), pupil response, neurological status?)
E in primary Survey
Exposure/Environment (Check for hidden injuries, maintain temperature)
F in primary Survey
Full Set of Vitals/Five Interventions (Monitor vitals, ECG, IV access) facilitate family
presence for support.
G in Primary Survey
Get resuscitation: Initiate necessary interventions like ECG, oxygen saturation
monitoring, and pain management and give comfort
SAMPLE (secondary)
Signs and symptoms
Allergies
Medications
Past medical history
Last meal
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED
EMTALA
Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act
DEscribe EMTALA
Have to treat a patient if they show up to the hospital and are unstable. Key is that it
needs to be a medical emergency. If not, can just "splint" and send elsewhere
EMTALA inappropriate transfer
Transferring an unstable patient to another facility without proper stabilization is a
violation.
EMTALA Delaying treatment
Unnecessary delays in providing medical screening or stabilizing treatment can be
considered a violation.
What can raise the number of ED visits?
Aging population, lack of primary care/insurance, lack of doctors, mental health crisis,
substance abuse
Level 1 ESI
(Most Urgent): Requires immediate life-saving intervention (e.g., cardiac arrest,
respiratory distress).
Level 2 ESI
(Emergent): High risk situation, potentially life-threatening, requires intervention within
minutes (e.g., chest pain, stroke symptoms).
,Level 3 ESI
Stable with potentially serious conditions, requires multiple resources and intervention
within a reasonable time frame (e.g., abdominal pain, fractures).
Level 4 ESI
(Less Urgent): Stable with non-life-threatening conditions, requires one resource (e.g.,
sprains, minor lacerations).
Level 5 ESI
(Non-Urgent): Stable with minor conditions, requires no resources (e.g., prescription
refills, minor injuries)
AVPU
- Level of conscousness assessment
- When you walk into the room, does the patient open eyes right away (alert)? Do you
have to say their name (voice)? Only respond to painful stimuli (Pain)? or are they
Unresponsive?
Primary Survey (ABCDEFG)
A – Airway (Is it open and patent? Need for suction or airway adjuncts?)
B – Breathing (Rate, effort, oxygenation, need for ventilation?)
C – Circulation (Pulse, skin signs, major bleeding, perfusion?)
D – Disability (Level of consciousness, pupil response, neurological status?)
E – Exposure/Environment (Check for hidden injuries, maintain temperature)
F – Full Set of Vitals/Five Interventions (Monitor vitals, ECG, IV access)
G – Get resuscitation and give Comfort (Pain control, emotional support)
A in primary survey
, Alertness and Airway (Is it open and patent? Need for suction or airway adjuncts?) and
AVPU
B in primary survey
Breathing (Rate, effort, oxygenation, need for ventilation?)
C in primary survey
Circulation (Pulse, skin signs, major bleeding, perfusion?)
D in primary survey
Disability (Level of consciousness (GCS), pupil response, neurological status?)
E in primary Survey
Exposure/Environment (Check for hidden injuries, maintain temperature)
F in primary Survey
Full Set of Vitals/Five Interventions (Monitor vitals, ECG, IV access) facilitate family
presence for support.
G in Primary Survey
Get resuscitation: Initiate necessary interventions like ECG, oxygen saturation
monitoring, and pain management and give comfort
SAMPLE (secondary)
Signs and symptoms
Allergies
Medications
Past medical history
Last meal
