The Cold War in Europe and Asia Certified exam with multiple Questions well elaborated Save

East Germany - ANSWERS-run by Soviet and was communist West Germany - ANSWERS-run by Britain, France, USA and was a capitalist democracy Berlin Wall - ANSWERSmade in 1961 to stop people crossing from East to West Berlin -it was a physical separation between East and West that symbolized just how powerful the communist gov. was -anyone that tried to escape was shot Berlin Airlift - ANSWERSJune 1948 the Soviets made a blockade around the west so it couldn't get food or supplies -USA and Britain wanted to help and flew supplies over daily Iron Curtain - ANSWERSa line dividing Europe between East and West Winston Churchill called it this in a speech NATO - ANSWERSNorth Atlantic Treaty Organization -the goal was to unify military command of members and stop Soviet invasions in Western Europe Warsaw Pact - ANSWERSmade to unify military command under Soviet control and to stop attacks on Soviet Union or Eastern Europe by Western Powers Space race - ANSWERS-October 1957 Soviets launch Sputnik -shows Soviet superiority over the USA because USA thought they had better technology -USA created NASA 1958 Arms race - ANSWERS-1949 word gets out ab a successful test from the Soviets of an atomic bomb -1952 US develops a hydrogen bomb that vaporizes the island it was tested on -a contest for who can stockpile the most weapons -Mutually Assured Destruction Nikita Khrushchev - ANSWERS-leader of Russia after Stalin and worked to get rid of Stalin's "cult of personality" and to de-stalinize Russia -brought in new members and new ideas to communist party -improved standard of living Detente - ANSWERS1970s "the relaxation of strained relations" between the USA and Soviet Union Richard Nixon was the first USA president to visit Moscow -the SALT I and SALT II treaties formed-placed limits on the numbers of nuclear weapons both nations had stockpiled- Nationalists (Kuomintang) - ANSWERS-in charge after Qing Dynasty emperor stepped down in 1912 -ruled under Sun Yixian and according to 3 principles of the people _political unification and an end to foreign influence _gradual change to democracy _economic improvement-industrialization and better land distribution Chinese Communist Party - ANSWERS-founded 1921 -inspired by Russian Revolution and the ideas of Marx and Lenin (founders of communism) -hoped to free the country of foreign domination and economic backwardness Mao Zedong - ANSWERS-leader of communists -Chinese peasants would be the basis for a communist revolution in China -supported land and tax reforms Long March - ANSWERS-1927communists were executed and the rest fled to a province in southeastern China -1934 nationalists forced attacks the communists and they had to evacuate -communists walked on foot from southeast to northwest China that lasted more than a year and were chased by nationalists -it had 100,000 people which many of died Chinese Civil War - ANSWERS-nationalists vs communists -1931 bc Chiang Kai-shek kept fighting the communists instead of the Japanese, support for communism grew -1949 communists finally drove nationalists from power -nationalists fled to Taiwan and formed their own government Great Leap Forward - ANSWERS-second five year plan -Mao didn't think the first one was good enough, wanted to match the industrial output of the West -bough modern machinery and ran it constantly -encouraged people to produce their own iron and steel in small backyard furnaces -lived in communes with dorms, mass halls, had log hours, and paid in work points -it failed causing 20 million to starve to death Cultural Revolution - ANSWERS-Mao started to repair his image after the Great Leap Forward -got rid of China's old customs, habits and thoughts and replaced it with a new socialist culture -everyone had to carry red books Red Guard - ANSWERS-leaders of the cultural revolution they were radical students -went on rampages through China ruining ancient works of art, burning books, destroying anything "old", also beat and tortured and killed people who didn't follow Mao Tiananmen Square Massacre - ANSWERS-government ordered protesters to leave and when they didn't the gov sent tanks and armed troops into square, opened fire -hundreds killed thousands wounded -it was a clear statement against adding more