Cold War in Europe and Asia satisfied Review exam well answered

Nuremberg Trials - ANSWERSAllies held war trials here where Hitler had once held anti-seminist rallies United Nations - ANSWERScreated to create peace throughout the world, five permanent members-US, Russia, UK, France, China, give authority to keep the peace, satellites - ANSWERScountries under control of USSR after WWII...Poland, E. Germany, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, Yugoslavia, communism established here, Stalin refused free elections Cold War - ANSWERSstate of tension and hostility between nations aligned with the United States on one side and Soviet Union on the other, without armed conflict between the major rivals Key events of Cold War - ANSWERStensions worsened by failure of removal of troops, Truman warned of another war, Stalin publically believed another war coming, Soviets backed Greece and Turkey Truman Doctrine - ANSWERSpledge to oppose spread of communism and support free people resisting this policy Marshall Plan - ANSWERSUS offered massive aid package to assist European countries rebuild, Soviet satellites were forced to refuse US aid Berlin Airlift - ANSWERSStalin tried to force western allies out of Berlin, blockaded railroads, Western powers used around the clock air lift to supply the people, Soviets lifted blockade, crisis deepened though, aka called Operation Vittles NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) - ANSWERSUS, Canada, ten other countries formed new military alliance that pledged to help each other if the other was attacked Warsaw Pact - ANSWERSfew years later, E. European formed Communist pact, including Soviets and the satellites Iron Curtain - ANSWERSa political barrier that isolated the peoples of Eastern Europe after WWII, restricting their ability to travel outside the region, , Winston Churchill's term for the Cold War division between the Soviet-dominated East and the U.S.-dominated West. Berlin wall - ANSWERSall East Berliners fleeing to West Berlin, East build wall to seal the order, forcibly kept the East Berliners in Eastern Europe Resists - ANSWERSEast Berliners, Poland, Hungarians revolted but were brutally set back Nikita Khrushchev - ANSWERStook control after Stalin, liberated some, denounced Stalin, maintained Communist Party's political control Leonid Brezhev - ANSWERSKhrushchev's successor, went back to traditional Stalinist brutal ways Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty - ANSWERSagreement signes in 1991 and known as START that called for the reduction in the supplies of long range nuclear weapons in russia and the united states arms race - ANSWERSCold war competition between the U.S. and Soviet Union to build up their respective armed forces and weapons detente - ANSWERSAmerican and Soviet arms control agreements led to an era of peace from nuclear war command economy - ANSWERSgovernment makes all decisions and owns everything market economy - ANSWERScitizens have freedom, entrepreneurship, private, competition Red Scare - ANSWERSfear of communism, led by Joe McCarthy "witchhunt", HUAC commitee identigy communist sympathizers, some spies uncovered, Hollywood ten went to trial , propaganda against communist, fear of nuclear war, "duck and cover" Fidel Castro - ANSWERSorganized an armed rebellion against corrupt dictator who then ruled Cuba, Cuban revolution, put land under government control, critics silenced or sent away Bay of Pigs invasion - ANSWERSinvaders or Cuban exhiles invaded but failed, Castro's forces captured invader, US then imposed trade embargo that still lasts today Cuban Missile Crisis - ANSWERSSoviet Union sent nuclear missiles to Cuba, Kennedy imposed navy blockade or quarrantine, Kennedy demanded missiles be removed, finally 13 days later Khrushchev agreed, US removed our missiles from Turkey 6 months later mixed economies - ANSWERSgovernment does have a slight economic role, but most businesses and property are privately owned containment - ANSWERSstrategy of keeping communism within its boundaries, involved supporting any government facing invasion or internal communist rebellions,militarily-Truman Doctrine, economically-Marshall Plan, blacklists published, tried to spread ideas of democracy, anti-communist propaganda space race - ANSWERSsoviets and US both wanted to put man on the moon, sputnik-first USSR satellite in space, startled America-caused NASA, more math and science classes emphasis U-2 spy plane incident - ANSWERSU-2 American spy plane shot down by Russians, Americans refused to admit or apoligize recessions - ANSWERSperiods when the economy shrinks, brief and mild 1950s-1960s in US, economy boomed post-world war 2, world's wealthiest economy suburbanization - ANSWERSmovement to communities outside an urban core, as americans grew more affluent, mane moved segregation - ANSWERSextreme separation based on gender and race, minorities suffered discrimination, Konrad Adenauer - ANSWERSWest Germany's chancellor, rebuilded cities factories and trade, West Germany in result created a booming industrial economy welfare state - ANSWERScountry with market economy but with increased government responsibility for the social and economic needs of its people Mao Zedong - ANSWERSled Communist forces in Chinese civil war, won support of peasant people Jiang Jieshi - ANSWERSnationalists in Chinese civil war leader, fled to Taiwan and ruled under dictatorship, mainland China threatened military action when Taiwan proposed independence, Taiwan resisted collectivization - ANSWERSZedong did this in communist China of pooling land and labor to increase productivity Great Leap Forward - ANSWERSpeople urged to make superhuman effort to increase farm and industrial output, communes, dismal failure, low-quality useless goods created, commune system cut foot output by removing incentives leading to neglect and shortages, many starved Cultural Revolution - ANSWERSChina recovering from Great Leap Forward, purge Chinese bourgeois, little red book, attacked the bourgeois, "playing the China card" - ANSWERSUS considered befriending communist China to isolate the Soviets between NATO and China, US later set up formal diplomatic relations with China Kim Il Sung - ANSWERSdictator of North Korea, communist ally of Soviet Union, called for heroic struggle to unite Korea, "great leader" Syngman Rhee - ANSWERSUS supported the dictatorial leader of South Korea First stage of Korean War - ANSWERSNorth Korea invades, almost conquered the whole nation, all the way to the Pusan Perimeter Pusan Perimeter - ANSWERSline located in southeastern corner of Korean peninsula, N Koreans pushed S koreans back here Second Stage of Korean War - ANSWERSUN army fights back, cuts Korea off from food supply and ammunition, UN forces push all the way up to the Yalu River along border of China Third Stage of Korean War - ANSWERSsuccess of UN forces alarmed China, Mao Zedong sent troops to help Koreans, turned into stalemate along the 38th parallel, armistice signed, no peace treaty stalemate - ANSWERSKorean War turned into this, no progress was made on either side so armistice ordered South Korea-post Korean war - ANSWERSslowly rebuilt economy, decades of dictatorship resulted in prosperous middle class, elections soon began successful transition into democracy, many wanted to see Korea united again North Korea-post Korean war - ANSWERScommand economy increased output under Sung, economic growth slowed, North remained isolated and poor, personality cult, clung to hard-line communism pre-war Vietnam - ANSWERSruled by China for thousand years, overtaken by France, heavy Buddhism influence Ho Chi Minh - ANSWERSnationalist and communist who fought Japanese, then fought French, controlled communist Northern Vietnam Dienbienphu - ANSWERSsurprising Vietnam victory-French loss, French left Vietnam, led by Ho Chi Minh Ngo Dinh Diem - ANSWERSled non-communist South Vietnam, US supported domino theory - ANSWERSview that communist victory in South Vietnam would cause noncommunist governments to fall to communism Viet Cong - ANSWERScommunist rebels in Vietnam, Minh aided, guerillas Geneva Accords - ANSWERStemporarily divided Vietnam at 17th parallel US presidents caused Vietnam war - ANSWERSTruman) doctrine, containment Eisenhower) sent supplies and advisors Kennedy) more military advisors, LBJ Johnson) policy of escalation, US took over major fighting Nixon) Paris Peace Accord to cease-fire in nam', US withdrew troops Gulf of Tonkin - ANSWERScaptain of US navy reported being fired upon, LBJ authorizes air raids on N. Vietnam...declaration of war Tet Offensive - ANSWERSViet Cong suprise attack on Vietnam New Year, marked turning point in public opinion of the war results and end of Vietnam war - ANSWERSNorth won after US withdrew troops and forced south to fight on their own...Cambodia and Laos fell to communism, US lost 58,000 men and women, spent over 200 million, US recognized limits of military-support of the people needed Khmer Rouge - ANSWERSforce of Cambodian communist guerillas grew ground and later overthrew Cambodian government Pol Pot - ANSWERSbrutal dictator of communist Cambodia, drove people from cities and forced labor, slaughtered starved and killed over million Cambodians, Vietnam invaded and imposed authoritarian government but ended geno