FOWS 5270 Exam 2 Questions and Answers Fully Solved
National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) - Answers -the first broad environmental protection law in the
U.S.
-required federal agencies in the executive branch to assess the environmental effects of their proposed
actions prior to making decisions
-makes citizens aware of proposed actions and allows them to file comments
NEPA - Answers -unanimously passed the Senate
-passed the House of Representatives 372-15
-signed into law by Nixon January 1, 1970
NEPA goals - Answers -fulfill the responsibilities of each generation as trustee of the environment for
succeeding generations
-assure for all Americans safe, healthful, productive, and aesthetically and culturally pleasing
surroundings
NEPA agencies - Answers -the Council on Environmental Quality, a White House agency, has primary
responsibility
-U.S. Environmental Protection Agency reviews and comments on all Environmental Impact Statements
-conflict resolution provided by U.S. Institute for Environmental Conflict Resolution, operated by the
Morris K. Udall Foundation (a federal agency)
NEPA pathways - Answers -Categorical Exclusion (CE)
-Environmental Assessment (EA)
-Environmental Impact Statement (EIS)
Categorical Exclusion (CE) - Answers -least complicated NEPA pathway since environmental effects of
the action have already been evaluated and found insignificant
-a category of agency actions that the agency has determined does not have significant individual or
cumulative effects
-ex: administrative personnel procedures, minor facility renovations, maintenance of hiking trails,
educational activities
Environmental Assessment (EA) - Answers -NEPA pathway moderate in complexity and is used when the
potential impact is uncertain
,-determines the significance of the environmental effects of the proposed action and provides sufficient
evidence on whether an EIS is needed, provides NEPA compliance when no EIS is necessary, and
facilitates preparation of an EIS
Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) - Answers -the most complex NEPA pathway and requires
significant analysis and a lengthy report
-Federal agency must prepare if it is proposing a major federal action significantly affecting the quality of
the human environment
-regulatory requirements more detailed than those of a CE or EA
Draft Environmental Impact Statement - Answers DEIS
Final Environmental Impact Statement - Answers FEIS
Finding of No Significant Impact - Answers FONSI
Record of Decision - Answers ROD
NEPA private sector - Answers -required if a private company needs to cross federal land
-required if the activity impacts waters of the United States
-responsible agency may require the company to pay the NEPA analysis, but agency is responsible for
the scope and accuracy
Chip mills TN river - Answers -1992, 3 companies proposed to build log chipping facilities on the banks of
the river southwest of Chattanooga to barge chips south
-TVA issues an EIS not only on the proposed building site but also secondary impacts from timber
harvesting on 6.6 million acres of land
-TVA denied all 3 permit requests
NEPA issues - Answers -slows down agency management activities, resulting in "analysis paralysis"
-may serve to discourage managers from initiating actions, essentially choosing the "no action"
alternative without going through the process
-doesn't mean that the action chosen in the end will be the alternative with the lowest environmental
impact, just that the environmental impacts of each alternative were considered
-other considerations may win out
-neither CEQ nor EPA has enforcement authority to force agencies to follow NEPA
Mitch McConnell (Senate Majority Leader) - Answers Who controls the agenda of the U.S. Senate?
, Nancy Pelosa (Speaker of the House) - Answers Who controls the agenda of the U.S. House of
Representatives?
6 years - Answers U.S. Senators serve for how long?
2 years - Answers U.S. Representatives serve for how long?
Bill of Rights - Answers What do we call the first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution?
policy - Answers -sets out goals and outlines future activities to achieve them
laws - Answers -legally-enforceable rules designed to achieve policy goals
regulations - Answers -derived from laws and are generally more detailed
Anderson's Model of the Policy Process - Answers -Policy Formulation
-Policy Agenda
-Policy Formulation
-Policy Adoption
-Policy Implementation
-Policy Evaluation
policy formulation - Answers -problem or issue perceived and demand made for action
policy agenda - Answers -demands recognized and problem placed on agenda
policy formulation - Answers -policy selected to address problem and formulated as a policy statement
policy implementation - Answers -policy statement implemented by appropriate person or group
policy evaluation - Answers -formal or informal determination of policy effectiveness
issue creation - Answers -initiated by those who feel that some aspect of current policy is unfavorably
biased against their interests
-an issue may be initiated by those seeking to exploit the issue for their own gain
-issues may be triggered by unanticipated events
-issues may be initiated by those who do not stand to benefit directly, but believe they are acting in the
public's best interest
policy agenda - Answers -demands recognized and problem placed on agenda
issue expansion - Answers -organized groups use a variety of methods to gain access to policy-makers
National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) - Answers -the first broad environmental protection law in the
U.S.
-required federal agencies in the executive branch to assess the environmental effects of their proposed
actions prior to making decisions
-makes citizens aware of proposed actions and allows them to file comments
NEPA - Answers -unanimously passed the Senate
-passed the House of Representatives 372-15
-signed into law by Nixon January 1, 1970
NEPA goals - Answers -fulfill the responsibilities of each generation as trustee of the environment for
succeeding generations
-assure for all Americans safe, healthful, productive, and aesthetically and culturally pleasing
surroundings
NEPA agencies - Answers -the Council on Environmental Quality, a White House agency, has primary
responsibility
-U.S. Environmental Protection Agency reviews and comments on all Environmental Impact Statements
-conflict resolution provided by U.S. Institute for Environmental Conflict Resolution, operated by the
Morris K. Udall Foundation (a federal agency)
NEPA pathways - Answers -Categorical Exclusion (CE)
-Environmental Assessment (EA)
-Environmental Impact Statement (EIS)
Categorical Exclusion (CE) - Answers -least complicated NEPA pathway since environmental effects of
the action have already been evaluated and found insignificant
-a category of agency actions that the agency has determined does not have significant individual or
cumulative effects
-ex: administrative personnel procedures, minor facility renovations, maintenance of hiking trails,
educational activities
Environmental Assessment (EA) - Answers -NEPA pathway moderate in complexity and is used when the
potential impact is uncertain
,-determines the significance of the environmental effects of the proposed action and provides sufficient
evidence on whether an EIS is needed, provides NEPA compliance when no EIS is necessary, and
facilitates preparation of an EIS
Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) - Answers -the most complex NEPA pathway and requires
significant analysis and a lengthy report
-Federal agency must prepare if it is proposing a major federal action significantly affecting the quality of
the human environment
-regulatory requirements more detailed than those of a CE or EA
Draft Environmental Impact Statement - Answers DEIS
Final Environmental Impact Statement - Answers FEIS
Finding of No Significant Impact - Answers FONSI
Record of Decision - Answers ROD
NEPA private sector - Answers -required if a private company needs to cross federal land
-required if the activity impacts waters of the United States
-responsible agency may require the company to pay the NEPA analysis, but agency is responsible for
the scope and accuracy
Chip mills TN river - Answers -1992, 3 companies proposed to build log chipping facilities on the banks of
the river southwest of Chattanooga to barge chips south
-TVA issues an EIS not only on the proposed building site but also secondary impacts from timber
harvesting on 6.6 million acres of land
-TVA denied all 3 permit requests
NEPA issues - Answers -slows down agency management activities, resulting in "analysis paralysis"
-may serve to discourage managers from initiating actions, essentially choosing the "no action"
alternative without going through the process
-doesn't mean that the action chosen in the end will be the alternative with the lowest environmental
impact, just that the environmental impacts of each alternative were considered
-other considerations may win out
-neither CEQ nor EPA has enforcement authority to force agencies to follow NEPA
Mitch McConnell (Senate Majority Leader) - Answers Who controls the agenda of the U.S. Senate?
, Nancy Pelosa (Speaker of the House) - Answers Who controls the agenda of the U.S. House of
Representatives?
6 years - Answers U.S. Senators serve for how long?
2 years - Answers U.S. Representatives serve for how long?
Bill of Rights - Answers What do we call the first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution?
policy - Answers -sets out goals and outlines future activities to achieve them
laws - Answers -legally-enforceable rules designed to achieve policy goals
regulations - Answers -derived from laws and are generally more detailed
Anderson's Model of the Policy Process - Answers -Policy Formulation
-Policy Agenda
-Policy Formulation
-Policy Adoption
-Policy Implementation
-Policy Evaluation
policy formulation - Answers -problem or issue perceived and demand made for action
policy agenda - Answers -demands recognized and problem placed on agenda
policy formulation - Answers -policy selected to address problem and formulated as a policy statement
policy implementation - Answers -policy statement implemented by appropriate person or group
policy evaluation - Answers -formal or informal determination of policy effectiveness
issue creation - Answers -initiated by those who feel that some aspect of current policy is unfavorably
biased against their interests
-an issue may be initiated by those seeking to exploit the issue for their own gain
-issues may be triggered by unanticipated events
-issues may be initiated by those who do not stand to benefit directly, but believe they are acting in the
public's best interest
policy agenda - Answers -demands recognized and problem placed on agenda
issue expansion - Answers -organized groups use a variety of methods to gain access to policy-makers
