BIOLOGY (Code No. 044)
The present syllabus provides the students with new concepts along with an extended exposure to
contemporary areas of the subject. The syllabus also aims at emphasizing on the underlying principles
that are common to both animals and plants as well as highlighting the relationship of Biology with other
areas of knowledge. The format of the syllabus allows a simple, clear, sequential flow of concepts. It
relates the study of biology to real life through the use of technology. It links the discoveries and
innovations in biology to everyday life such as environment, industry, health and agriculture. The
updated syllabus also focuses on reducing the curriculum load while ensuring that ample opportunities
and scope for learning and appreciating basic concepts of the subject continue to be available within its
framework. The prescribed syllabus is expected to:
promote understanding of basic principles of Biology;
encourage learning of emerging knowledge and its relevance to individual and society;
promote rational/scientific attitude towards issues related to population, environment and
development;
enhance awareness about environmental issues, problems and their appropriate solutions;
create awareness amongst the learners about diversity in the living organisms and developing respect
for other living beings;
appreciate that the most complex biological phenomena are built on essentially simple processes;
It is expected that the students would get an exposure to various branches of Biology in the syllabus in a
more contextual and friendly manner as they study its various units.
BIOLOGY (Code No. 044)
COURSE STRUCTURE
CLASS XI (2018-19)
(THEORY)
Time: 3 Hours Max. Marks: 70
Unit Title No. of Periods Marks
I Diversity of Living Organisms 23 07
II Structural Organisation in Plants and Animals 22 12
III Cell: Structure and Function 35 15
IV Plant Physiology 40 18
V Human Physiology 40 18
Total 160 70
,Unit-I Diversity of Living Organisms 23 Periods
Chapter-1: The Living World
What is living? Biodiversity; Need for classification; three domains of life; taxonomy and systematics;
concept of species and taxonomical hierarchy; binomial nomenclature; tools for study of taxonomy-
museums, zoological parks, herbaria, botanical gardens.
Chapter-2: Biological Classification
Five kingdom classification; Salient features and classification of Monera, Protista and Fungi into major
groups: Lichens, Viruses and Viroids.
Chapter-3: Plant Kingdom
Salient features and classification of plants into major groups - Algae, Bryophyta, Pteridophyta,
Gymnospermae and Angiospermae (three to five salient and distinguishing features and at least two
examples of each category); Angiosperms - classification upto class, characteristic features and examples.
Chapter-4: Animal Kingdom
Salient features and classification of animals non-chordates up to phyla level and chordates up to class
level (three to five salient features and at least two examples of each category).
(No live animals or specimen should be displayed.)
Unit-II Structural Organisation in Animals and Plants 22 Periods
Chapter-5: Morphology of Flowering Plants
Morphology and modifications: Internal Morphology of different parts of flowering plants: root, stem,
leaf, inflorescence, flower, fruit and seed (to be dealt along with the relevant experiment of the Practical
Syllabus).
Chapter-6: Anatomy of Flowering Plants
Anatomy and functions of different tissues.
Chapter-7: Structural Organisation in Animals
Animal tissues; Morphology, anatomy and functions of different systems (digestive, circulatory,
respiratory, nervous and reproductive) of an insect (cockroach). (a brief account only)
Unit-III Cell: Structure and Function 35 Periods
Chapter-8: Cell-The Unit of Life
Cell theory and cell as the basic unit of life: Structure of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells; Plant cell and
animal cell; cell envelope; cell membrane, cell wall; cell organelles - structure and function;
endomembrane system, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi bodies, lysosomes, vacuoles; mitochondria,
ribosomes, plastids, microbodies; cytoskeleton, cilia, flagella, centrioles (ultrastructure and function);
nucleus.
, Chapter-9: Biomolecules
Chemical constituents of living cells: biomolecules, structure and function of proteins, carbohydrates,
lipids, nucleic acids; Enzymes- types, properties, enzyme action.
Chapter-10: Cell Cycle and Cell Division
Cell cycle, mitosis, meiosis and their significance
Unit-IV Plant Physiology 40 Periods
Chapter-11: Transport in Plants
Movement of water, gases and nutrients; cell to cell transport, diffusion, facilitated diffusion, active
transport; plant-water relations, imbibition, water potential, osmosis, plasmolysis; long distance
transport of water - Absorption, apoplast, symplast, transpiration pull, root pressure and guttation;
transpiration, opening and closing of stomata; Uptake and translocation of mineral nutrients - Transport
of food, phloem transport, massflow hypothesis.
Chapter-12: Mineral Nutrition
Essential minerals, macro- and micronutrients and their role; deficiency symptoms; mineral toxicity;
elementary idea of hydroponics as a method to study mineral nutrition; nitrogen metabolism, nitrogen
cycle, biological nitrogen fixation.
Chapter-13: Photosynthesis in Higher Plants
Photosynthesis as a means of autotrophic nutrition; site of photosynthesis, pigments involved in
photosynthesis (elementary idea); photochemical and biosynthetic phases of photosynthesis; cyclic and
non-cyclic photophosphorylation; chemiosmotic hypothesis; photorespiration; C3 and C4 pathways;
factors affecting photosynthesis.
Chapter-14: Respiration in Plants
Exchange of gases; cellular respiration - glycolysis, fermentation (anaerobic), TCA cycle and electron
transport system (aerobic); energy relations - number of ATP molecules generated; amphibolic pathways;
respiratory quotient.
Chapter-15: Plant - Growth and Development
Seed germination; phases of plant growth and plant growth rate; conditions of growth; differentiation,
dedifferentiation and redifferentiation; sequence of developmental processes in a plant cell; growth
regulators - auxin, gibberellin, cytokinin, ethylene, ABA; seed dormancy; vernalisation; photoperiodism.
The present syllabus provides the students with new concepts along with an extended exposure to
contemporary areas of the subject. The syllabus also aims at emphasizing on the underlying principles
that are common to both animals and plants as well as highlighting the relationship of Biology with other
areas of knowledge. The format of the syllabus allows a simple, clear, sequential flow of concepts. It
relates the study of biology to real life through the use of technology. It links the discoveries and
innovations in biology to everyday life such as environment, industry, health and agriculture. The
updated syllabus also focuses on reducing the curriculum load while ensuring that ample opportunities
and scope for learning and appreciating basic concepts of the subject continue to be available within its
framework. The prescribed syllabus is expected to:
promote understanding of basic principles of Biology;
encourage learning of emerging knowledge and its relevance to individual and society;
promote rational/scientific attitude towards issues related to population, environment and
development;
enhance awareness about environmental issues, problems and their appropriate solutions;
create awareness amongst the learners about diversity in the living organisms and developing respect
for other living beings;
appreciate that the most complex biological phenomena are built on essentially simple processes;
It is expected that the students would get an exposure to various branches of Biology in the syllabus in a
more contextual and friendly manner as they study its various units.
BIOLOGY (Code No. 044)
COURSE STRUCTURE
CLASS XI (2018-19)
(THEORY)
Time: 3 Hours Max. Marks: 70
Unit Title No. of Periods Marks
I Diversity of Living Organisms 23 07
II Structural Organisation in Plants and Animals 22 12
III Cell: Structure and Function 35 15
IV Plant Physiology 40 18
V Human Physiology 40 18
Total 160 70
,Unit-I Diversity of Living Organisms 23 Periods
Chapter-1: The Living World
What is living? Biodiversity; Need for classification; three domains of life; taxonomy and systematics;
concept of species and taxonomical hierarchy; binomial nomenclature; tools for study of taxonomy-
museums, zoological parks, herbaria, botanical gardens.
Chapter-2: Biological Classification
Five kingdom classification; Salient features and classification of Monera, Protista and Fungi into major
groups: Lichens, Viruses and Viroids.
Chapter-3: Plant Kingdom
Salient features and classification of plants into major groups - Algae, Bryophyta, Pteridophyta,
Gymnospermae and Angiospermae (three to five salient and distinguishing features and at least two
examples of each category); Angiosperms - classification upto class, characteristic features and examples.
Chapter-4: Animal Kingdom
Salient features and classification of animals non-chordates up to phyla level and chordates up to class
level (three to five salient features and at least two examples of each category).
(No live animals or specimen should be displayed.)
Unit-II Structural Organisation in Animals and Plants 22 Periods
Chapter-5: Morphology of Flowering Plants
Morphology and modifications: Internal Morphology of different parts of flowering plants: root, stem,
leaf, inflorescence, flower, fruit and seed (to be dealt along with the relevant experiment of the Practical
Syllabus).
Chapter-6: Anatomy of Flowering Plants
Anatomy and functions of different tissues.
Chapter-7: Structural Organisation in Animals
Animal tissues; Morphology, anatomy and functions of different systems (digestive, circulatory,
respiratory, nervous and reproductive) of an insect (cockroach). (a brief account only)
Unit-III Cell: Structure and Function 35 Periods
Chapter-8: Cell-The Unit of Life
Cell theory and cell as the basic unit of life: Structure of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells; Plant cell and
animal cell; cell envelope; cell membrane, cell wall; cell organelles - structure and function;
endomembrane system, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi bodies, lysosomes, vacuoles; mitochondria,
ribosomes, plastids, microbodies; cytoskeleton, cilia, flagella, centrioles (ultrastructure and function);
nucleus.
, Chapter-9: Biomolecules
Chemical constituents of living cells: biomolecules, structure and function of proteins, carbohydrates,
lipids, nucleic acids; Enzymes- types, properties, enzyme action.
Chapter-10: Cell Cycle and Cell Division
Cell cycle, mitosis, meiosis and their significance
Unit-IV Plant Physiology 40 Periods
Chapter-11: Transport in Plants
Movement of water, gases and nutrients; cell to cell transport, diffusion, facilitated diffusion, active
transport; plant-water relations, imbibition, water potential, osmosis, plasmolysis; long distance
transport of water - Absorption, apoplast, symplast, transpiration pull, root pressure and guttation;
transpiration, opening and closing of stomata; Uptake and translocation of mineral nutrients - Transport
of food, phloem transport, massflow hypothesis.
Chapter-12: Mineral Nutrition
Essential minerals, macro- and micronutrients and their role; deficiency symptoms; mineral toxicity;
elementary idea of hydroponics as a method to study mineral nutrition; nitrogen metabolism, nitrogen
cycle, biological nitrogen fixation.
Chapter-13: Photosynthesis in Higher Plants
Photosynthesis as a means of autotrophic nutrition; site of photosynthesis, pigments involved in
photosynthesis (elementary idea); photochemical and biosynthetic phases of photosynthesis; cyclic and
non-cyclic photophosphorylation; chemiosmotic hypothesis; photorespiration; C3 and C4 pathways;
factors affecting photosynthesis.
Chapter-14: Respiration in Plants
Exchange of gases; cellular respiration - glycolysis, fermentation (anaerobic), TCA cycle and electron
transport system (aerobic); energy relations - number of ATP molecules generated; amphibolic pathways;
respiratory quotient.
Chapter-15: Plant - Growth and Development
Seed germination; phases of plant growth and plant growth rate; conditions of growth; differentiation,
dedifferentiation and redifferentiation; sequence of developmental processes in a plant cell; growth
regulators - auxin, gibberellin, cytokinin, ethylene, ABA; seed dormancy; vernalisation; photoperiodism.
