HLTH 314 Exam 2 questions and answers with
solutions 2025
Genes - ANSWER Sequence of DNA that controls or partially controls physical characteristics
Epigenome - ANSWER a dynamic layer of information associated with DNA that differs between
individuals and can be altered through various experiences and environments
Epigenetics - ANSWER study of gene-environment interactions, such as how the same genotype
leads to different phenotypes
Range of Reaction - ANSWER our genes set the boundaries within which we can operate, and
our environment interacts with the genes to determine where in that range we will fall
descriptive epidemiology - ANSWER who, what, when, where
analytical epidemiology - ANSWER how? why?
Experiences leave a _________ on genes that determines whether and how genes are
expressed - ANSWER Chemical signature
True or false: Genetic expression is dependent on environment. - ANSWER True
DNA methylation - ANSWER The addition of methyl groups to bases of DNA after DNA synthesis;
Methylation can change the activity of a DNA segment without changing the sequence.
epidemiologic triangle - ANSWER agent, host, environment..
, Rothman's causal pies - ANSWER Component cause: each slice in a pie
Sufficient cause: one whole pie
A necessary cause: slice repeated in every pie.
acute inflammation - ANSWER begins immediately, Major cells: neutrophils (PMNs) or
eosinophils in allergies or parasitic infections
Others: mast cells, dendritic cells, histiocytes
Mononuclear cells (monocytes, macrophages) follow later to clean up tissue debris
chronic inflammation - ANSWER -Initial condition unresolved → s/s inflammation persist
-Continuous, long-term → months to years
-Major cells: macrophages, lymphocytes
-Mononuclear cells (monocytes, macrophages) follow later to clean up tissue debris
-Autoimmune & "wear & tear" diseases: rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, Hashimoto's
thyroiditis
Chemotaxis - ANSWER Cell movement that occurs in response to chemical stimulus
Diapedesis - ANSWER the passage of blood cells through the intact walls of the capillaries,
typically accompanying inflammation.
Exudate - ANSWER fluid, such as pus, that leaks out of an infected wound
Transudate - ANSWER noninflammatory fluid that resembles serum but with slightly less protein
How to calculate BMI in adults - ANSWER mass in kg / height in m squared
solutions 2025
Genes - ANSWER Sequence of DNA that controls or partially controls physical characteristics
Epigenome - ANSWER a dynamic layer of information associated with DNA that differs between
individuals and can be altered through various experiences and environments
Epigenetics - ANSWER study of gene-environment interactions, such as how the same genotype
leads to different phenotypes
Range of Reaction - ANSWER our genes set the boundaries within which we can operate, and
our environment interacts with the genes to determine where in that range we will fall
descriptive epidemiology - ANSWER who, what, when, where
analytical epidemiology - ANSWER how? why?
Experiences leave a _________ on genes that determines whether and how genes are
expressed - ANSWER Chemical signature
True or false: Genetic expression is dependent on environment. - ANSWER True
DNA methylation - ANSWER The addition of methyl groups to bases of DNA after DNA synthesis;
Methylation can change the activity of a DNA segment without changing the sequence.
epidemiologic triangle - ANSWER agent, host, environment..
, Rothman's causal pies - ANSWER Component cause: each slice in a pie
Sufficient cause: one whole pie
A necessary cause: slice repeated in every pie.
acute inflammation - ANSWER begins immediately, Major cells: neutrophils (PMNs) or
eosinophils in allergies or parasitic infections
Others: mast cells, dendritic cells, histiocytes
Mononuclear cells (monocytes, macrophages) follow later to clean up tissue debris
chronic inflammation - ANSWER -Initial condition unresolved → s/s inflammation persist
-Continuous, long-term → months to years
-Major cells: macrophages, lymphocytes
-Mononuclear cells (monocytes, macrophages) follow later to clean up tissue debris
-Autoimmune & "wear & tear" diseases: rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, Hashimoto's
thyroiditis
Chemotaxis - ANSWER Cell movement that occurs in response to chemical stimulus
Diapedesis - ANSWER the passage of blood cells through the intact walls of the capillaries,
typically accompanying inflammation.
Exudate - ANSWER fluid, such as pus, that leaks out of an infected wound
Transudate - ANSWER noninflammatory fluid that resembles serum but with slightly less protein
How to calculate BMI in adults - ANSWER mass in kg / height in m squared
