UMAss Boston HLTH 314 Final Exam questions and
answers with solutions 2025
Absorption - ANSWER process by which drugs are transferred from the site of entry into the
body to the bloodstream
Metabolism - ANSWER transforms drug into inactive or potent metabolite or a soluble
compound
1st pass effect - ANSWER drugs -> GI tract -> hepatic portal vein (liver) -> circulatory system
liver is a filter to process part of drug
greater first pass -> less of drug will circulate
Drug allergy - ANSWER formation of antibodies to a drug or drug protein
Common drug allergy s/s - ANSWER Hives/ulticaria
Itching
Rashes
Angioedema
N/V
Lightheadedness
Less common drug allergy s/s - ANSWER angioedema, anaphylaxis, loss of consciousness,
bronchospasm
Medication rights of administration - ANSWER dose, drug, time, frequency, reason, patient,
route
,Other med errors - ANSWER Known allergy, missed or extra dose, interaction, equipment
failure, preparation error
Preventing med errors - ANSWER -read labels and compare w/MAR (name, DOB, follow facility
policy), question unusual doses, READ DIRECTIONS CAREFULLY, document all meds as soon as
given, report errors immediately
Superinfections - ANSWER infections caused by antibiotic therapy -> allows pathogenic bacteria
to invade
Sympathomimetic properties - ANSWER mimic sympathetic NS
Stimulants, including illegal drugs
epinephrine, dopamine, and phenylephrine
sympathomimetic s/s - ANSWER hypertension, hyperglycemia, sweating, increased CNS
stimulation
anticholinergic properties - ANSWER Drying effect on nasal, salivary, and lacrimal gland
secretions
Confusion
Expectorants as treatment - ANSWER for PRODUCTIVE coughs
clear airways; easier to cough sputum by ↓ secretion viscosity → reduces tendency to cough
therapeutic index - ANSWER range between therapeutic effects and toxic effects
peak - ANSWER time for drug to reach max therapeutic response
,toxicity - ANSWER serious side effects of drugs
trough - ANSWER when drugs is at lowest concetration
narrow spectrum - ANSWER very effective against a few
broad spectrum - ANSWER effective against many
antihistamine adverse effects - ANSWER Constipation
Vision changes
Drowsiness
Tachydysrhythmia
Insomnia
Confusion
antihistamines contraindications - ANSWER Known hypersensitivity
· Cardiac disease, hypertension
· Renal/Liver disease
· Bronchial asthma, COPD
· BPH
· Pregnancy
antihistamines nursing implications - ANSWER Gather data on condition or allergic reaction that
requires treatment
Report excessive sedation, confusion, or hypotension
, Avoid driving, using heavy machinery, CNS depressants, and alcohol
Not curative, only symptom management
expectorants nursing implications - ANSWER -Fluids/humid air will help liquefy secretions
-Report a fever, cough, or other symptoms lasting longer than a week
-Monitor for intended therapeutic effects
Expectorants Contraindications - ANSWER caution in older adults; asthma or respiratory
insufficiency; combination w/ other OTCs
Antibiotic subclasses - ANSWER penicillin, cephalosporin, macrolide, sulfonamides,
tetracyclines, fluoroquinolones
oral decongestant example - ANSWER Pseudoephedrine (Sudafed)
expectorant example - ANSWER Guaifenesin (Mucinex/Robutussin)
bronchodilator examples - ANSWER salmeterol (Serevent) (Long acting beta-agonist)
albuterol (Ventolin) (Short acting beta-agonist)
salmeterol - ANSWER used in conjunction w/ inhaled corticosteroid
no more than 2x daily
albuterol - ANSWER don't use frequently
for emergent wheezing and bronchospasms
used with salmeterol
answers with solutions 2025
Absorption - ANSWER process by which drugs are transferred from the site of entry into the
body to the bloodstream
Metabolism - ANSWER transforms drug into inactive or potent metabolite or a soluble
compound
1st pass effect - ANSWER drugs -> GI tract -> hepatic portal vein (liver) -> circulatory system
liver is a filter to process part of drug
greater first pass -> less of drug will circulate
Drug allergy - ANSWER formation of antibodies to a drug or drug protein
Common drug allergy s/s - ANSWER Hives/ulticaria
Itching
Rashes
Angioedema
N/V
Lightheadedness
Less common drug allergy s/s - ANSWER angioedema, anaphylaxis, loss of consciousness,
bronchospasm
Medication rights of administration - ANSWER dose, drug, time, frequency, reason, patient,
route
,Other med errors - ANSWER Known allergy, missed or extra dose, interaction, equipment
failure, preparation error
Preventing med errors - ANSWER -read labels and compare w/MAR (name, DOB, follow facility
policy), question unusual doses, READ DIRECTIONS CAREFULLY, document all meds as soon as
given, report errors immediately
Superinfections - ANSWER infections caused by antibiotic therapy -> allows pathogenic bacteria
to invade
Sympathomimetic properties - ANSWER mimic sympathetic NS
Stimulants, including illegal drugs
epinephrine, dopamine, and phenylephrine
sympathomimetic s/s - ANSWER hypertension, hyperglycemia, sweating, increased CNS
stimulation
anticholinergic properties - ANSWER Drying effect on nasal, salivary, and lacrimal gland
secretions
Confusion
Expectorants as treatment - ANSWER for PRODUCTIVE coughs
clear airways; easier to cough sputum by ↓ secretion viscosity → reduces tendency to cough
therapeutic index - ANSWER range between therapeutic effects and toxic effects
peak - ANSWER time for drug to reach max therapeutic response
,toxicity - ANSWER serious side effects of drugs
trough - ANSWER when drugs is at lowest concetration
narrow spectrum - ANSWER very effective against a few
broad spectrum - ANSWER effective against many
antihistamine adverse effects - ANSWER Constipation
Vision changes
Drowsiness
Tachydysrhythmia
Insomnia
Confusion
antihistamines contraindications - ANSWER Known hypersensitivity
· Cardiac disease, hypertension
· Renal/Liver disease
· Bronchial asthma, COPD
· BPH
· Pregnancy
antihistamines nursing implications - ANSWER Gather data on condition or allergic reaction that
requires treatment
Report excessive sedation, confusion, or hypotension
, Avoid driving, using heavy machinery, CNS depressants, and alcohol
Not curative, only symptom management
expectorants nursing implications - ANSWER -Fluids/humid air will help liquefy secretions
-Report a fever, cough, or other symptoms lasting longer than a week
-Monitor for intended therapeutic effects
Expectorants Contraindications - ANSWER caution in older adults; asthma or respiratory
insufficiency; combination w/ other OTCs
Antibiotic subclasses - ANSWER penicillin, cephalosporin, macrolide, sulfonamides,
tetracyclines, fluoroquinolones
oral decongestant example - ANSWER Pseudoephedrine (Sudafed)
expectorant example - ANSWER Guaifenesin (Mucinex/Robutussin)
bronchodilator examples - ANSWER salmeterol (Serevent) (Long acting beta-agonist)
albuterol (Ventolin) (Short acting beta-agonist)
salmeterol - ANSWER used in conjunction w/ inhaled corticosteroid
no more than 2x daily
albuterol - ANSWER don't use frequently
for emergent wheezing and bronchospasms
used with salmeterol
