ANT 2410 Exam 3 | Questions with 100% Correct Answers

ANT 2410 Exam 3 | Questions with 100% Correct Answers Anthropologists distinguish between kin terms and genealogical kin types. What is the difference? Kin terms are the words used for different relatives in a particular language, but genealogical kin types refers to the actual genealogical relationship. The Barí of Venezuela recognize multiple fathers, even though biologically there can be only one actual genitor. This example shows that like "race" and gender, kinship is culturally constructed Anthropologists are interested in kinship calculation, which is the system by which people in a society reckon their kin relationships In Arembepe, Brazil, a degree of community solidarity was promoted by the myth that everyone was kin. However, social solidarity was actually much less developed in Arembepe than in societies with clans and lineages. Why? Intense social solidarity demands that some people be excluded - by asserting they were all related—that is, by excluding no one—Arembepeiros were actually weakening kinship's potential strength in creating and maintaining group solidarity Understanding kinship systems is an important part of anthropology because kinship ties are important to the people anthropologists study; they are a key component of people's everyday social relations One of the two main ideas in all kinship systems is which of the following? Affinity As we see in the film "Faces of Culture: Kinship and Descent," what kind of kinship system do the Yanomamö of South America have and how does it relate to their economic mode of production? have patrilineal kinship organized around lineages where son-in-laws perform bride service for their wife's family and yet are still expected to support their own brothers and older relatives What does ego represent in a depiction of a kinship system? the point of reference used to determine which kin terms go where Although the nuclear family remains a cultural ideal for many Americans, nuclear families accounted for barely 20 percent of American households in 2015. In fact, other domestic arrangements outnumber the traditional U.S. household five to one. All of the following are among the reasons for this trend EXCEPT that contrary to expectations, the importance of kinship is growing in contemporary nations In a bifurcate merging kinship terminology, what is merged? same-sex siblings of each parent Which of the following kin types is NOT ego's lineal relative? A. M (Mother) B. B (Brother) C. MM (Maternal Grandmother) D. F (Father) E. FF (Paternal Grandfather) In a bifurcate merging kinship system, which of the following would be referred to by the same term? A. MB and FB B. JR and BJ C. M and MZ D. F and MB E. FZ and MZ What are the two basic social units of foraging societies? the nuclear family and the band Like bifurcate merging kinship terminology, generational kinship terminology uses the same term for parents and their siblings, but lumping is more complete (there are only two terms for the parental generation) Which term refers to the family in which a child is raised? family of orientation In a lineal system of kinship terminology, which of the following pairs would be referred to by the same term? A. FB and FZ B. M and MZ C. FB and MB D. M and FZ E. F and FB What term refers to the kind of descent in which people choose the descent group that they join? Ambilineal One of the two main ideas in all kinship systems is which of the following? descent In North America, the relatively high incidence of expanded family households in the lower class is an important strategy used by the urban poor to adapt to poverty Which of the following statements about bifurcate merging kinship terminologies is NOT true? They use the same term to describe MB and FB Contemporary North American adults usually define their families as consisting of their husbands or wives and their children. In contrast, when middle-class Brazilians talk about their families, they mean their parents, siblings, aunts, uncles, grandparents, and on, down to their children. They rarely mention the spouse. Which of the following is among the reasons for this stark cultural contrast? Brazilians live in a less mobile society and so stay in closer contact with their relatives, including members of their extended family, than do North Americans A unilineal descent group whose members demonstrate their common descent from an apical ancestor is a(n) Lineage Which of the following is one of the two main classes of descent rules? Unilineal A lineal kinship terminology uses two terms to identify ego's parents' siblings: one term for both FZ and MZ and another term for both FB and MB Which of the following does not belong to ego's matrilineage? A. B B. ZS C. MB D. FM E. M What postmarital residence rule is most often found in societies with lineal kinship terminologies? Neolocal What does it mean that kinship, like "race," is culturally constructed? Some genealogical kin are considered to be relatives whereas others are not, and the rules underlying such considerations vary across cultures As suggested in the film "Faces of Culture: Kinship and Descent," why have anthropologists traditionally been interested in kinship? A. kinship reckoning provides rather concrete data for anthropologists (as opposed to more ephemeral research subjects) B. the small societies anthropologists have traditionally studied were organized primarily along kinship lines C. all answers are correct D. understanding the ways people are related offers anthropologists clues as to why people do what they do- Traditionally, in some areas of the former Yugoslavia, several nuclear families were embedded in an extended family household called a zadruga. Among the Nayar in southern India, it was typical for people to live in matrilineal extended family compounds called tarawads. Descriptions of these two culturally specific cases highlight how there are many alternatives to the nuclear family Which of the following does a kinship system do for a culture? A. Establishes values, moral systems, and sentiment B. links modes of production to kinship reckoning C. all answers are correct D. sets rules for reproduction What kind of kinship is most common in the contemporary United States? bilateral kinship Which of the following is one of the two main classes of descent rules? Bilineal Kinship terminology is a classification system, a taxonomy or typology. More generally, a taxonomic system is based on how people perceive similarities and differences in the things being classified In the film "Faces of Culture: Kinship and Descent" how do we see gender identity become important and reinforced in kinship reckoning? different behavioral roles and expectations are placed on females and males As we see in the film "Faces of Culture: Kinship and Descent," what kind of kinship system do the people of Thera Island, Greece (also called "Santorin" or "Santoríni") have and how does it relate to their economic mode of production? they have the have both matrilineal and patrilineal aspects where the women own the dwellings and pass them down to their daughters but public space is segregated, women's behavior is restricted, and men have much freedom What is the most common system of kinship classification used in the United States? lineal According to genealogical kin types used by anthropologists to study kinship relations, what kind of relative is ego's mother's brother? collateral relative As we see in the film "Faces of Culture: Kinship and Descent," what kind of kinship system do the Navajo of the US Southwest have and how does it relate to their economic mode of production? the have matrilineal kinship organized around clans and women are in charge of tending to livestock and processing their products According to anthropologist Ann Stoler, the economic determinants of gender status include freedom or autonomy and social power. The Kottak book's discussion on recurrent gender patterns stresses that exceptions to cross-cultural generalizations may involve societies or individuals. Which of the following statements about groups with the patrilineal-patrilocal complex is NOT true? Their land and prestige are passed through the females. What is meant by the term feminization of poverty? the increasing number of women among the poorest people As we saw in the film "Still Killing Us Softly 4," women A. form a matriarchy in the Minangkabau society of West Sumatra B. nowadays earn as much as men in US society C. work long, hard hours (thus the title of the film) in the stone factories of Kathmandu, Nepal D. no answers are correct Why should the numbers from Kinsey's research be considered merely illustrative, rather than statistically accurate? a reliance on nonrandom samples A main argument made in the film "Still Killing Us Softly 4" is that A. because men and women in the United States now earn roughly the same amount in salary, the image of women in advertising has necessarily shifted since the first version of this film in 1979 B. no answers are correct C. US advertising consistently depicts non-white women in a positive light and according to the standards of beauty of their own communities D. because of more widespread societal acceptance, various forms and modes of sexuality and sexual identities are depicted in a positive light in US advertising