PSYCH 242 Exam 2 | Questions with Verified Answers

PSYCH 242 Exam 2 | Questions with Verified Answers Some evolutionary psychologists view grief as adaptive because: Grief reflects an ability to attach to others, which can increase the social cohesion of a group. Who is best known for pioneering short-term dynamic therapy of stress syndromes? Mardi Horowitz Because of its role in long-term memory storage, researchers believe that the _______ plays a role in the development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Hippocampus The fight or flight response is controlled by the __________. sympathetic nervous system Since her car accident six weeks ago, Margaret has refused to drive. She's also experienced anxiety, flashbacks, and dissociative symptoms. Margaret's symptoms most closely resemble: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) Which of the following is true of posttraumatic growth? It focuses on positive changes following crises, traumas, losses, and other stressful events. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is: Much more common in females than in males Which of the following is CORRECT? Depersonalization and derealization are examples of dissociation. The history of posttraumatic stress and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) illustrates how: The language and conceptualization of a psychological problem can change over time. When it comes to treating posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), how do psychiatric drugs compare to psychological therapies in terms of their effectiveness? Psychological therapies are considered superior to drug treatments for PTSD. Which of the following is a rare symptom of dissociation? Identity confusion Which physician is most associated with breaking the historical connection between female genital physiology and hysteria? Briquet Which of the following statements about dissociative identity disorder (DID) is TRUE? DID is notoriously difficult to diagnose, and many clinicians don't believe in it. It's when psychological problems are expressed in physical ways. Somatization Raj fakes a severe medical illness for one reason only: he wants 6 months of paid medical leave so that he can stay at home practicing magic tricks. Which would be the BEST diagnosis for Raj? No diagnosis Which is true about the 19th-century neurologist Charcot and his use of hypnosis to treat hysteria? He was heavily criticized for using hypnosis, but his work nonetheless had a strong influence on Sigmund Freud. The parietal cortex is responsible for: Encoding and recalling negative information Which is true about the relationship between stress and immune system functioning? Short-term stress boosts immune functioning, but long-term stress depletes it. In the DSM-5, the disorder is called somatic symptom disorder. In the ICD-10, it is called somatization disorder. But in the ICD-11, they call it _____. bodily distress disorder Which is true about depersonalization/derealization disorder? It's more likely to be diagnosed in clinical samples such as veterans with PTSD. Ungula believes that depression results from a shortage of the neurotransmitters serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine. Further, he believes that antidepressants are the best method to treat depression. Dr. Ungula would probably endorse the ________. monoamine hypothesis Suicidal ideation is a term used to describe: Suicidal thoughts or feelings Discontinuation syndrome: Can afflict those who stop taking SSRIs or SNRIs. To be diagnosed with major depressive disorder, one must suffer: One or more major depressive episodes but no manic or hypomanic episodes. Which brain regions are being studied for their potential roles in suicidal behavior? Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and certain areas of the prefrontal cortex Depression can occur at any age, but people in this age group are at greatest risk. Twenties Who is credited with first conceptualizing mania and depression along a continuum? Emil Kraepelin For someone who supports the silencing of the self (STS) theory, what might concern them the most? Antidepressants are being used as a form of oppressive control What describes the main features of mania? High energy and a euphoric mood Which is associated with the glutamate hypothesis of depression? Ketamine Why is amphetamine psychosis important for the dopamine hypothesis? Amphetamines increase dopamine in the brain. Which area plays a role in decision-making, emotional regulation, goal-oriented behavior and speech? Prefrontal cortex Which of the following is NOT one of the five symptoms of psychotic disorders, according to the DSM-5? A tendency to become aggressive without obvious cause or provocation Repeating what someone just said is called: Echolalia The professor showed the class a video of a woman who didn't respond to verbal or physical prompts. She stood very still in a statue-like stance, with her arm raised rigidly. The purpose of this video was to illustrate: Catatonia What is psychosis? A broad term used for people who appear to have lost touch with reality. A double bind is: A situation in which there are two mutually exclusive demands, neither one of which can be fulfilled or avoided. Which would be an example of a family's expressed emotion? Hostility When it comes to developing schizophrenia, what do adoption studies generally suggest about its causes? Genes and environment interact to produce schizophrenia. To examine the chromosomal defects associated with a disorder, one should conduct a(n) _______ study. genetic marker Which of the following factors may have played an iatrogenic role in the development of DID symptoms in Tammy? Diane had certificates of expertise in DID prominently displayed in her office. At the outset, Diane told Tammy that it was quite possible she had DID, and that she wanted to explore this possibility in treatment. Diane warned Tammy of the potential for memory gaps, and told her "not to worry about it." Diane gave Tammy literature on DID after their first session, and encouraged her to read about the disorder. Which of the following factors were present in Tammy's case, and were likely related either to the diagnosis or case conceptualization? Tammy was referred to the therapist, Diane, because of her expertise in dissociative disorders and DID. Tammy was referred to treatment by her employer Tammy had a significant legal history involving retail theft. Tammy's family accused her of false abuse allegations Why did Tammy and Diane take a two-month hiatus in the treatment? Tammy was in jail for theft. Although he did not diagnose her as such, Dr. Grande identified several traits of Borderline Personality Disorder that Tammy displayed. Which of the following were such symptoms? Fear of abandonment. Intense anger. Emotion dysregulation. Instability in relationship patterns; idealization and devaluation of partners. According to Dr. Grande's analysis of the case, which of the following differential diagnoses should have received strong consideration (and assessment)? Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) Antisocial Personality Disorder Kleptomania According to the case description, the client, Tammy, presented to psychotherapy with which presenting problem? PTSD (Posttraumatic Stress Disorder) What was Dr. Grande's final assessment of the quality of care that Diane provided to Tammy? It was terrible. Diane did not set appropriate boundaries with Tammy, and interpreted all of her behavior within the framework of DID (rather than an alternate explanation). All of the following statements are TRUE, regarding the differences between clients who truly have Dissociative Identity Disorder and individuals who are malingering, EXCEPT what? (Which of the following statements is FALSE?). Individuals who are malingering tend to deny the diagnosis of DID, under report symptoms, and over focus on depression. Which of the following factors support a hypothesis that Tammy's symptoms were faked (i.e., she was malingering) versus real? The number of alters increased from 10 to 25 after the sessions were recorded and Tammy consented to a case study. Tammy told Diane that she could "make up more [alters] if needed." Tammy was recorded telling her sister that she was "faking" DID. After Tammy consented to recording the sessions, there was no more theft from Diane's office Tammy did not report significant gaps in memory. Dr. Grande mentioned three viewpoints on the origin of Dissociative Identity Disorder. Which of the following assumes that DID is not a "real" disorder, and explains the etiology of DID as due to treatment, including clinician suggestion or encouragement? Iatrogenic