EMT 242 Final Exam Review | Answered with complete solutions

EMT 242 Final Exam Review | Answered with complete solutions Gross anatomy, or macroscopic anatomy, considers: A) internal features of the body. B) features visible with the naked, or unaided, eye. C) study of a system of the body. D) None of the above. The human form shown upright, hands at the sides, palms forward, and feet together is in the 2) position. A) supine B) anatomical C) physiological D) prone A person lying face down is in the position. A) supine B) anatomical C) physiological D) prone A person lying face up is in the position. A)anatomical B)physiological C) Supine D) prone The frontal plane divides the body into the ______and _____portions. A) lateral, dorsal B) anterior, posterior C) superior, inferior D) None of the above The diaphragm separates the abdominopelvic and______ cavities. A) intestinal B) cranial C) thoracic D) renal The layer of the pericardium covering the heart is the pericardium. A) parietal B) pulmonary C) cardio D) visceral The pericardium lies within the: A) mediastinum. B) pelvic cavity. C) abdominopelvic cavity. D) peritoneal cavity. Is an anatomical term meaning "toward an attached base." A) Proximal B) Superficial C) Inferior D) Distal Is an anatomical term meaning "above or at a higher level." A) Lateral B) Superior C) Inferior D) Medial The term _______means "the study of internal and external structures and the physical relationships between body parts." Anatomy Is the study of how living organisms perform their vital functions. A) Anatomy B) Ornithology C) Cytology D) Physiology The _____level is comprised of the smallest stable units of matter. A) organ B) tissue C) cellular D) molecular The pleural cavity surrounds what organ? A) small intestines B) heart C) brain D) lung The abdominopelvic cavity can be divided into either four or nine regions. True The axial skeleton includes all limbs and supporting bones and ligaments. False Bone marrow acts as the primary site of red and white blood cell production. True The pituitary gland controls other endocrine glands and regulates growth and fluid balance. True The sagittal plane runs along the long axis of the body, extending anteriorly and posteriorly and dividing the body into left and right portions. True Processes require the cell to expend energy to move ions or molecules across the cell membrane, usually in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). A) Aggressive B) Active C) Exothermic D) Energetic A(n) is a subatomic particle with a negative charge. A) neutron B) proton C) electron. D) None of the above Are atoms or molecules with an electric charge. A) Anions B) Cations C) Ions D) All of the above are chemical bonds created by the electrical attraction between anions and cations. A) Hydrogen bonds B) Ionic bonds C) Sodium bonds D) Covalent bonds Is stored energy. A) Kinetic energy B) Work C) Potential energy D) None of the above Are the essential elements and molecules obtained from the diet. (A)Nutrients B) Metabolites C) Both A and B. D) None of the above Are compounds that stabilize pH by either removing or replacing hydrogen ions. A) Catalysts B) Buffers C) Carbohydrates D) Electrolytes Sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium are examples of: A) lipids. B) anions. C) cations. D) proteins. What reaction breaks molecules into smaller fragments (for example, AB - A+ B)? A) Synthesis reaction B) Exchange reaction C) Decomposition reaction D) Reversible reaction Inorganic compounds do not contain hydrogen and atoms. A) magnesium B) oxygen C) carbon D) sulfur Is a form of decomposition reaction. A) Catabolism B) Digestion C) Hydrolysis D) All of the above is the net movement of molecules from an area of relatively A) Molecular dispersion B) Diffusion high concentration to an area of relatively low concentration. C) Diluting D) Filtration What is the diffusion of water across a cell membrane called? A) Osmosis B) Hydrogen dispersion C) Concentration gradient D) None of the above Which solution causes the movement of water into a red blood cell causing it to swell and possibly lyse? A) Hypertonic B) Isotonic C) Hypotonic D) Crenatonic Which solution causes a red blood cell to lose water, causing the cell to shrink and dehydrate? A) Hypertonic B) Hypotonic C) Crenatonic D) Isotonic Glucose is passively transported across the cell membrane by binding to a receptor site on a carrier protein in a process called: A) facilitated diffusion. B) facilitated osmosis. C) assisted osmosis. D) assisted diffusion. Which solution causes the movement of water into a red blood cell, causing it to swell and possibly lyse, or burst? A) Isotonic B) Hypotonic C) Crenatonic D) Hypertonic Lactated Ringers and normal saline are examples of what type of IV fluid? A) Colloid B) Hemoglobin-based oxygen carrying solution (HBOCS) C) Crystalloid D) Blood products The organelles that manufacture proteins, using information provided by the DNA of the nucleus, are called what? A) Flagella B) Ribosomes C) Proteasomes D) None of the above What is an essential function of epithelial cells? A) Control permeability B) Produce specialized secretions C) Provide physical protection D) AII of the above Is an example of a connective tissue. A) Blood B) Bone C) Fat D) All of the above Are responsible for engulfing damaged cells or pathogens that enter the tissue. A) Mast cells B) Macrophages C) Fibroblasts D) None of the above Antibodies are proteins that destroy invading microorganisms. A) Fibroblasts B) antibodies C) Antibiotics Đ) Stem cells The watery matrix in blood is called: A) a platelet. B) hematose. C) lymph. D) plasma. What type of muscle is also known as striated voluntary muscle because A) Cardiac B) Synovial C) Smooth D) Skeletal it is controlled by the nervous system and has a striated appearance Is a brown, yellow-brown, or black pigment that accumulates in the epidermal cells. A) Melanin B) Melanoma C)Androsin D) Carotene Reddish-purple blotches due to leakage of blood from an artery or vein are called: A) ecchymosis. B) erosion. C) purpura. D) lichenification. Is the medical condition characterized by the eruption of groups of vesicles along the dermatome of a sensory nerve. A) Herpes zoster B) Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome C) Toxic epidermal necrolysis D) Exanthems The integument contains two types of exocrine glands, sweat and: A) apocrine. B) lubricating. C) sudoriferous. D)sebaceous. The primary function of merocrine sweat glands is what? A) To lubricate the skin B) To cool the surface of the skin C) To excrete odorous secretions D) None of the above A blood clot consists mainly of an insoluble network of: A) fibroblasts. B) fibrin. C) macrophages. D) phagocytes. An is an injury where a flap of skin and tissues are torn loose 7) or torn off. A) abrasion B) avulsion C) amputation D) None of the above Which of the following is a function of the skeletal system? A) The storage of lipids in the white marrow B) The production of fats in the pale marrow C) The production of red blood cells within the red marrow D) None of the above What is the expanded portion at each end of a long bone called? A) Cancellous B) Periosteum C) epiphyses D) Diaphysis The outer surface of a bone is covered by a(n): A) periosteum. B) epiphyses. C) cancellous. D) diaphysis. Which of the following plays an important part in normal calcium metabolism? A) Vitamin A B) Vitamin K C) Vitamin C D) Vitamin D3 Which of the following works with parathyroid hormone (PTH) to elevate calcium levels in the body? A) Calcitonin B) Calcium thyroxine C) Calcunin D) Calcitriol A partial displacement of a bone end from its position within a joint capsule is a what? A) Epiphyseal strain B) Subluxation C) Fracture D) Dislocation A fracture has multiple bone fragments at the fracture site. A) segmental B) greenstick C) comminuted D) spiral The pelvic girdle is included in what division of the skeleton? A) Axial B) Vertebral C) Appendicular D) Atial The connects the cranial cavity with the spinal cavity and has the spinal cord passing through it. A) occipital condyles B) lamboid suture C) suborbital foramen D) foramen magnum Which of the following is suspended below the skull and serves as a base for muscles associated with the larynx, tongue, and pharynx? A) Hlyoid B) Vomer C) Mandible D) Splenoid What is the fibrous connective tissue connecting the bones of the skull at birth called? A) Cranial ossification B) Perminifactions C) Fontanels D) All of the above The is the projection on the axis (C2) that forms a pivot joint with the atlas (C1) to allow a person to rotate their head side to side. A) dens B) odontoid process C) atlas process D) Both A and B The superior portion of the sternum is called the what? A) Xiphoid process B) Manubrium C) Anubrium D) Sternal process The arm, or brachium, contains what single bone? A) Humerus B) Scapula C) Radius D) Ulna The head of the femur connects with what curved surface of the pelvis? A) Sacroiliac joint B) Ossa coxae C) Iliac crest D) Acetabulum Which of the following is a function of skeletal muscle?