Test Bankl
tolaccompany
Animal Behavior, Twelfth Edition
l l l
John Alcock, Linda Green, Paul Nolan, Stefanie Siller, and Dustin Rubenstein
l l l l l l l l l l
Chapterl1:lAnlIntroductionltolAnimallBehavior
MultiplelChoicelQuestions
1. “Iflfemalellizardslwithlreddishlthroatslproducelmoreleggslthanlfemaleslwithlorangishlthroats,lthen
lthelreddishlthroatlislanlevolvedladaptation.”lThislstatement
a. isltrue,lbecauselthislspecieslhaslvariation,lalcriticallrequirementlforlthelevolutionloflada
ptationslbylnaturallselection.
b. islfalse,lbecauselfemaleslwithlorangishlthroatslcouldlstilllhavelmoreloffspringlthatlliveltolrepr
oducelthanlfemaleslwithlreddishlthroats.
c. islfalse,lbecauseltherelislnolguaranteelthatlfemaleslwithlreddishlthroatslarelthelbestlforlthellong-
termlpreservationloflthislspecies.
d. couldlbeltruelorlfalse,lbecauselwelcannotltelllwithoutlknowinglwhetherlreddishlfemalesloutn
umberlorangishlfemaleslinlthislspecies.
Answer:lb
LearninglObjective:l1.1.1lIdentifylthelconditionslrequiredltolproducelevolutionarylchangelthr
oughlnaturallselectionlandlexamineltheselconditionslusinglthelgene’sleyelview.
Bloom’slLevel:l2.lUnderstanding
2. Thelstatementl“Lemmingsldisperselfromlareasloflhighlpopulationldensitylbecauseltheylinh
eritedlthislabilitylfromlallemming-likelancestorlinlthelpast”lislalhypothesislabout
a. evolvedlfunction.
b. geneticslandldevelopment.
c. evolutionarylhistory.
d. adaptivelvalue.
Answer:lc
LearninglObjective:l1.1.3lConsiderlhowlproximatelandlultimatellevelsloflanalysislcanlbelusedltolprov
idelanlintegrativelunderstandinglofltheldevelopment,lmechanism,ladaptivelvalue,landlevolutionarylh
istoryloflalbehavior.
Bloom’slLevel:l2.lUnderstanding
3. Thelinfanticidelhypothesis,lwhichlpositslthatlinfanticidelislalreproduction-
enhancingltacticlpracticedlbylmales,lislcalledlalhypothesislbecauselit
a. canlbelproven.
b. islanlexplanationlbasedlonllimitedlevidencelthatlcanlbeltested.
c. islmutuallylexclusiveltolanylotherlpotentiallexplanations.
d. islalbasiclprinciplelthatlcanlbelappliedlwidely.lA
nswer:lb
,LearninglObjective:l1.1.2lReviewlhowlresearchersluselthelscientificlmethodltoltestlhypotheseslandlpr
edictionslrelatedltolalpotentiallyladaptivelbehaviorlinlorderltolconsiderlitslfitnesslcostslandlbenefits,lev
aluatelitsladaptivelvalue,landlidentifylwhylitlevolved.
Bloom’slLevel:l2.lUnderstanding
4. InlorderlforlDarwinianlnaturallselectionltolcauselevolutionarylchange,lalpopulationlmustlcon
tainlindividualslthatldifferlhereditarilylinlsomelcharacteristiclbecause
a. inlalpopulationlwithoutlthislkindloflvariation,lthelspecieslisldoomedltolextinction.
b. whenlalllindividualslhavelthelsamelgenes,lthenlalllindividualslarelexactlylalikelinlalllrespects.
c. uniformlpopulationslarelevolutionaryldeadlends.
d. unlessltherelislvariationloflthislsort,lparentslcannotlpasslonltheirladvantageouslattributesltoltheir
loffspring.
Answer:ld
LearninglObjective:l1.1.1lIdentifylthelconditionslrequiredltolproducelevolutionarylchangelthr
oughlnaturallselectionlandlexamineltheselconditionslusinglthelgene’sleyelview.
Bloom’slLevel:l2.lUnderstanding
5. Welobservelvariationlinlalpopulationlofllizardlwithlrespectltolhowlfastlindividualslcanlrun.lWelatt
emptltolselectlforlthelabilityltolrunlslowly,lnotlquickly.lAfterlsixlgenerationsloflselectivelbreedinglofl
onlylthelslowestlwithlthelslowest,lthelmeanlrunninglspeedloflthellizardslhaslnotlchanged.lWhatlislthe
lappropriatelscientificlconclusionlbasedlonlthislwork?
a. Afterlsixlgenerationsloflartificiallselection,lthelfrequencyloflslowlrunnerslinlthelpopulationlhaslrem
ainedlunchanged.
b. Afterlsixlgenerationsloflartificiallselection,lthelfrequencyloflslowlrunnerslinlthelpopulationlhaslincr
eased.
c. Theldifferenceslbetweenlthellizardslinlrunninglspeedlinltheloriginallpopulationlwerelnotlcau
sedlbylgeneticldifferenceslamonglthem.
d. Thelresultslarelinvalidlbecauselthelresearcherslfailedltolmaintainlenoughlvariationlinlrunninglspe
edlinltheirlselectedllineage,lsolevolutionarylchangelwaslimpossible.
Answer:lc
LearninglObjective:l1.1.1lIdentifylthelconditionslrequiredltolproducelevolutionarylchangelthr
oughlnaturallselectionlandlexamineltheselconditionslusinglthelgene’sleyelview.
Bloom’slLevel:l3.lApplying
6. Welobservelalfroglthatlcarrieslitslbabieslonlitslbacklawaylfromlwhereltheleggslhatched.lHerelareltw
olquestionslaboutlthislobservation:
X.lDoeslthelfrogldolthisltolmovelthelbabiesltolalplacelwhereltheylwilllbelsaferlandlmorellikelyltolsurviv
e?
Y.lDoeslthelfroglhavelspecificlmorphologicalltraitslthatlenablelitltolholdlandltransferlitslbabieslinlthislw
ay?
Whichlofltheltwolislalproximatelquestion?
a. X,lbecauselitlconsidersltheladaptivelvaluelorlfunctionlofltheltrait
b. Y,lbecauselitlaskslaboutltheldevelopmentallmechanismslthatlinfluencelthelcomponentsloflthelani
mal
,c. BothlXlandlY,lbecauseltheyllooklatlthelimmediatelandlmechanisticlcausesloflthelbehavior
d. NeitherlXlorlY,lbecauseltheylbothltakelanladaptivelorlevolutionarylapproachltollooklatlthelultim
atelcausesloflthelbehavior
Answer:lb
LearninglObjective:l1.1.3lConsiderlhowlproximatelandlultimatellevelsloflanalysislcanlbelusedltolprov
idelanlintegrativelunderstandinglofltheldevelopment,lmechanism,ladaptivelvalue,landlevolutionarylh
istoryloflalbehavior.
Bloom’slLevel:l2.lUnderstanding
7. Welobservelalfroglthatlcarrieslitslbabieslonlitslbacklawaylfromlwhereltheleggslhatched.lHerelareltw
olquestionslaboutlthislobservation:
X.lDoeslthelfrogldolthisltolmovelthelbabiesltolalplacelwhereltheylwilllbelsaferlandlmorellikelyltolsurviv
e?
Y.lDoeslthelfroglhavelspecificlmorphologicalltraitslthatlenablelitltolholdlandltransferlitslbabieslinlthislw
ay?
Whichlofltheltwolislanlultimatelquestion?
a. X,lbecauselitlconsidersltheladaptivelvaluelorlfunctionlofltheltrait
b. Y,lbecauselitlaskslaboutltheldevelopmentallmechanismslthatlinfluencelthelcomponentsloflthelani
mal
c. BothlXlandlY,lbecauseltheyllooklatlthelimmediatelandlmechanisticlcausesloflthelbehavior
d. NeitherlXlorlY,lbecauseltheylbothltakelanladaptivelorlevolutionarylapproachltollooklatlthelultim
atelcausesloflthelbehavior
Answer:la
LearninglObjective:l1.1.3lConsiderlhowlproximatelandlultimatellevelsloflanalysislcanlbelusedltolprov
idelanlintegrativelunderstandinglofltheldevelopment,lmechanism,ladaptivelvalue,landlevolutionarylh
istoryloflalbehavior.
Bloom’slLevel:l2.lUnderstanding
8. WhichlislanlexampleloflalDarwinianlpuzzle?
a. Salmonlcanlsmelllalfewlmoleculesloflchemicalslinlthelstreamlinlwhichltheylwerelborn.
b. Adultlbirdslscreamlinlpainlwhenlcaughtlbylalpredator.
c. Ifltwolorlevenlthreeleggslareladdedltolalbird’slnest,ltheladultlbirdsloftenlcanlrearlthemlsucce
ssfullylalonglwithltheirlownlchicks.
d. Batslcanlcatchlmothslinlcompleteldarknesslthanksltoltheirlabilityltolhearlechoeslfromltheirlownl
cries.
Answer:lc
LearninglObjective:l1.1.2lReviewlhowlresearchersluselthelscientificlmethodltoltestlhypotheseslandlpr
edictionslrelatedltolalpotentiallyladaptivelbehaviorlinlorderltolconsiderlitslfitnesslcostslandlbenefits,lev
aluatelitsladaptivelvalue,landlidentifylwhylitlevolved.
Bloom’slLevel:l2.lUnderstanding
9. Considerlthelfollowinglobservation:lMalelsonglsparrowslsinglmorelatldawnlthanlduringlanylothe
rltimelthelday.
, Withlregardltolthislobservation,lthelstatementl“Maleslsingltolprovidelaccuratelinformationltolmat
eslaboutltheirlphysicallcondition”lislanlexamplelof
a. alcausallquestion.
b. alprediction.
c. testlevidence.
d. alhypothesis.l
Answer:ld
LearninglObjective:l1.1.2lReviewlhowlresearchersluselthelscientificlmethodltoltestlhypotheseslandlpr
edictionslrelatedltolalpotentiallyladaptivelbehaviorlinlorderltolconsiderlitslfitnesslcostslandlbenefits,lev
aluatelitsladaptivelvalue,landlidentifylwhylitlevolved.
Bloom’slLevel:l3.lApplying
10. Considerlthelfollowinglobservation:lMalelsonglsparrowslsinglmorelatldawnlthanlduringlanylothe
rltimelthelday.
Withlregardltolthislobservation,lthelstatementl“Maleslthatlreceivelal‘carelpackage’loflextralfoodltheld
aylbeforelshouldlproducelmorelsongslduringltheldawnlhourlthanlthoselthatldolnotlreceivelsupplement
allfood”lislanlexamplelof
a. alcausallquestion.
b. alprediction.
c. testlevidence.
d. alhypothesis.l
Answer:lb
LearninglObjective:l1.1.2lReviewlhowlresearchersluselthelscientificlmethodltoltestlhypotheseslandlpr
edictionslrelatedltolalpotentiallyladaptivelbehaviorlinlorderltolconsiderlitslfitnesslcostslandlbenefits,lev
aluatelitsladaptivelvalue,landlidentifylwhylitlevolved.
Bloom’slLevel:l3.lApplying
11. Considerlthelfollowinglobservation:lMalelsonglsparrowslsinglmorelatldawnlthanlduringlanylothe
rltimelthelday.
Withlregardltolthislobservation,lthelstatementl“Whatlislthelevolvedlfunctionloflthelpatternloflsongl
productionlbylthelsonglsparrow?”lislanlexamplelof
a. alcausallquestion.
b. alprediction.
c. testlevidence.
d. alhypothesis.l
Answer:la
LearninglObjective:l1.1.2lReviewlhowlresearchersluselthelscientificlmethodltoltestlhypotheseslandlpr
edictionslrelatedltolalpotentiallyladaptivelbehaviorlinlorderltolconsiderlitslfitnesslcostslandlbenefits,lev
aluatelitsladaptivelvalue,landlidentifylwhylitlevolved.
Bloom’slLevel:l3.lApplying
12. Iflanladaptationlislthelproductloflnaturallselection,ltheltraitlwill
a. providelalnetlreproductivelgainlforlindividualslthatlpossesslthelattribute.
tolaccompany
Animal Behavior, Twelfth Edition
l l l
John Alcock, Linda Green, Paul Nolan, Stefanie Siller, and Dustin Rubenstein
l l l l l l l l l l
Chapterl1:lAnlIntroductionltolAnimallBehavior
MultiplelChoicelQuestions
1. “Iflfemalellizardslwithlreddishlthroatslproducelmoreleggslthanlfemaleslwithlorangishlthroats,lthen
lthelreddishlthroatlislanlevolvedladaptation.”lThislstatement
a. isltrue,lbecauselthislspecieslhaslvariation,lalcriticallrequirementlforlthelevolutionloflada
ptationslbylnaturallselection.
b. islfalse,lbecauselfemaleslwithlorangishlthroatslcouldlstilllhavelmoreloffspringlthatlliveltolrepr
oducelthanlfemaleslwithlreddishlthroats.
c. islfalse,lbecauseltherelislnolguaranteelthatlfemaleslwithlreddishlthroatslarelthelbestlforlthellong-
termlpreservationloflthislspecies.
d. couldlbeltruelorlfalse,lbecauselwelcannotltelllwithoutlknowinglwhetherlreddishlfemalesloutn
umberlorangishlfemaleslinlthislspecies.
Answer:lb
LearninglObjective:l1.1.1lIdentifylthelconditionslrequiredltolproducelevolutionarylchangelthr
oughlnaturallselectionlandlexamineltheselconditionslusinglthelgene’sleyelview.
Bloom’slLevel:l2.lUnderstanding
2. Thelstatementl“Lemmingsldisperselfromlareasloflhighlpopulationldensitylbecauseltheylinh
eritedlthislabilitylfromlallemming-likelancestorlinlthelpast”lislalhypothesislabout
a. evolvedlfunction.
b. geneticslandldevelopment.
c. evolutionarylhistory.
d. adaptivelvalue.
Answer:lc
LearninglObjective:l1.1.3lConsiderlhowlproximatelandlultimatellevelsloflanalysislcanlbelusedltolprov
idelanlintegrativelunderstandinglofltheldevelopment,lmechanism,ladaptivelvalue,landlevolutionarylh
istoryloflalbehavior.
Bloom’slLevel:l2.lUnderstanding
3. Thelinfanticidelhypothesis,lwhichlpositslthatlinfanticidelislalreproduction-
enhancingltacticlpracticedlbylmales,lislcalledlalhypothesislbecauselit
a. canlbelproven.
b. islanlexplanationlbasedlonllimitedlevidencelthatlcanlbeltested.
c. islmutuallylexclusiveltolanylotherlpotentiallexplanations.
d. islalbasiclprinciplelthatlcanlbelappliedlwidely.lA
nswer:lb
,LearninglObjective:l1.1.2lReviewlhowlresearchersluselthelscientificlmethodltoltestlhypotheseslandlpr
edictionslrelatedltolalpotentiallyladaptivelbehaviorlinlorderltolconsiderlitslfitnesslcostslandlbenefits,lev
aluatelitsladaptivelvalue,landlidentifylwhylitlevolved.
Bloom’slLevel:l2.lUnderstanding
4. InlorderlforlDarwinianlnaturallselectionltolcauselevolutionarylchange,lalpopulationlmustlcon
tainlindividualslthatldifferlhereditarilylinlsomelcharacteristiclbecause
a. inlalpopulationlwithoutlthislkindloflvariation,lthelspecieslisldoomedltolextinction.
b. whenlalllindividualslhavelthelsamelgenes,lthenlalllindividualslarelexactlylalikelinlalllrespects.
c. uniformlpopulationslarelevolutionaryldeadlends.
d. unlessltherelislvariationloflthislsort,lparentslcannotlpasslonltheirladvantageouslattributesltoltheir
loffspring.
Answer:ld
LearninglObjective:l1.1.1lIdentifylthelconditionslrequiredltolproducelevolutionarylchangelthr
oughlnaturallselectionlandlexamineltheselconditionslusinglthelgene’sleyelview.
Bloom’slLevel:l2.lUnderstanding
5. Welobservelvariationlinlalpopulationlofllizardlwithlrespectltolhowlfastlindividualslcanlrun.lWelatt
emptltolselectlforlthelabilityltolrunlslowly,lnotlquickly.lAfterlsixlgenerationsloflselectivelbreedinglofl
onlylthelslowestlwithlthelslowest,lthelmeanlrunninglspeedloflthellizardslhaslnotlchanged.lWhatlislthe
lappropriatelscientificlconclusionlbasedlonlthislwork?
a. Afterlsixlgenerationsloflartificiallselection,lthelfrequencyloflslowlrunnerslinlthelpopulationlhaslrem
ainedlunchanged.
b. Afterlsixlgenerationsloflartificiallselection,lthelfrequencyloflslowlrunnerslinlthelpopulationlhaslincr
eased.
c. Theldifferenceslbetweenlthellizardslinlrunninglspeedlinltheloriginallpopulationlwerelnotlcau
sedlbylgeneticldifferenceslamonglthem.
d. Thelresultslarelinvalidlbecauselthelresearcherslfailedltolmaintainlenoughlvariationlinlrunninglspe
edlinltheirlselectedllineage,lsolevolutionarylchangelwaslimpossible.
Answer:lc
LearninglObjective:l1.1.1lIdentifylthelconditionslrequiredltolproducelevolutionarylchangelthr
oughlnaturallselectionlandlexamineltheselconditionslusinglthelgene’sleyelview.
Bloom’slLevel:l3.lApplying
6. Welobservelalfroglthatlcarrieslitslbabieslonlitslbacklawaylfromlwhereltheleggslhatched.lHerelareltw
olquestionslaboutlthislobservation:
X.lDoeslthelfrogldolthisltolmovelthelbabiesltolalplacelwhereltheylwilllbelsaferlandlmorellikelyltolsurviv
e?
Y.lDoeslthelfroglhavelspecificlmorphologicalltraitslthatlenablelitltolholdlandltransferlitslbabieslinlthislw
ay?
Whichlofltheltwolislalproximatelquestion?
a. X,lbecauselitlconsidersltheladaptivelvaluelorlfunctionlofltheltrait
b. Y,lbecauselitlaskslaboutltheldevelopmentallmechanismslthatlinfluencelthelcomponentsloflthelani
mal
,c. BothlXlandlY,lbecauseltheyllooklatlthelimmediatelandlmechanisticlcausesloflthelbehavior
d. NeitherlXlorlY,lbecauseltheylbothltakelanladaptivelorlevolutionarylapproachltollooklatlthelultim
atelcausesloflthelbehavior
Answer:lb
LearninglObjective:l1.1.3lConsiderlhowlproximatelandlultimatellevelsloflanalysislcanlbelusedltolprov
idelanlintegrativelunderstandinglofltheldevelopment,lmechanism,ladaptivelvalue,landlevolutionarylh
istoryloflalbehavior.
Bloom’slLevel:l2.lUnderstanding
7. Welobservelalfroglthatlcarrieslitslbabieslonlitslbacklawaylfromlwhereltheleggslhatched.lHerelareltw
olquestionslaboutlthislobservation:
X.lDoeslthelfrogldolthisltolmovelthelbabiesltolalplacelwhereltheylwilllbelsaferlandlmorellikelyltolsurviv
e?
Y.lDoeslthelfroglhavelspecificlmorphologicalltraitslthatlenablelitltolholdlandltransferlitslbabieslinlthislw
ay?
Whichlofltheltwolislanlultimatelquestion?
a. X,lbecauselitlconsidersltheladaptivelvaluelorlfunctionlofltheltrait
b. Y,lbecauselitlaskslaboutltheldevelopmentallmechanismslthatlinfluencelthelcomponentsloflthelani
mal
c. BothlXlandlY,lbecauseltheyllooklatlthelimmediatelandlmechanisticlcausesloflthelbehavior
d. NeitherlXlorlY,lbecauseltheylbothltakelanladaptivelorlevolutionarylapproachltollooklatlthelultim
atelcausesloflthelbehavior
Answer:la
LearninglObjective:l1.1.3lConsiderlhowlproximatelandlultimatellevelsloflanalysislcanlbelusedltolprov
idelanlintegrativelunderstandinglofltheldevelopment,lmechanism,ladaptivelvalue,landlevolutionarylh
istoryloflalbehavior.
Bloom’slLevel:l2.lUnderstanding
8. WhichlislanlexampleloflalDarwinianlpuzzle?
a. Salmonlcanlsmelllalfewlmoleculesloflchemicalslinlthelstreamlinlwhichltheylwerelborn.
b. Adultlbirdslscreamlinlpainlwhenlcaughtlbylalpredator.
c. Ifltwolorlevenlthreeleggslareladdedltolalbird’slnest,ltheladultlbirdsloftenlcanlrearlthemlsucce
ssfullylalonglwithltheirlownlchicks.
d. Batslcanlcatchlmothslinlcompleteldarknesslthanksltoltheirlabilityltolhearlechoeslfromltheirlownl
cries.
Answer:lc
LearninglObjective:l1.1.2lReviewlhowlresearchersluselthelscientificlmethodltoltestlhypotheseslandlpr
edictionslrelatedltolalpotentiallyladaptivelbehaviorlinlorderltolconsiderlitslfitnesslcostslandlbenefits,lev
aluatelitsladaptivelvalue,landlidentifylwhylitlevolved.
Bloom’slLevel:l2.lUnderstanding
9. Considerlthelfollowinglobservation:lMalelsonglsparrowslsinglmorelatldawnlthanlduringlanylothe
rltimelthelday.
, Withlregardltolthislobservation,lthelstatementl“Maleslsingltolprovidelaccuratelinformationltolmat
eslaboutltheirlphysicallcondition”lislanlexamplelof
a. alcausallquestion.
b. alprediction.
c. testlevidence.
d. alhypothesis.l
Answer:ld
LearninglObjective:l1.1.2lReviewlhowlresearchersluselthelscientificlmethodltoltestlhypotheseslandlpr
edictionslrelatedltolalpotentiallyladaptivelbehaviorlinlorderltolconsiderlitslfitnesslcostslandlbenefits,lev
aluatelitsladaptivelvalue,landlidentifylwhylitlevolved.
Bloom’slLevel:l3.lApplying
10. Considerlthelfollowinglobservation:lMalelsonglsparrowslsinglmorelatldawnlthanlduringlanylothe
rltimelthelday.
Withlregardltolthislobservation,lthelstatementl“Maleslthatlreceivelal‘carelpackage’loflextralfoodltheld
aylbeforelshouldlproducelmorelsongslduringltheldawnlhourlthanlthoselthatldolnotlreceivelsupplement
allfood”lislanlexamplelof
a. alcausallquestion.
b. alprediction.
c. testlevidence.
d. alhypothesis.l
Answer:lb
LearninglObjective:l1.1.2lReviewlhowlresearchersluselthelscientificlmethodltoltestlhypotheseslandlpr
edictionslrelatedltolalpotentiallyladaptivelbehaviorlinlorderltolconsiderlitslfitnesslcostslandlbenefits,lev
aluatelitsladaptivelvalue,landlidentifylwhylitlevolved.
Bloom’slLevel:l3.lApplying
11. Considerlthelfollowinglobservation:lMalelsonglsparrowslsinglmorelatldawnlthanlduringlanylothe
rltimelthelday.
Withlregardltolthislobservation,lthelstatementl“Whatlislthelevolvedlfunctionloflthelpatternloflsongl
productionlbylthelsonglsparrow?”lislanlexamplelof
a. alcausallquestion.
b. alprediction.
c. testlevidence.
d. alhypothesis.l
Answer:la
LearninglObjective:l1.1.2lReviewlhowlresearchersluselthelscientificlmethodltoltestlhypotheseslandlpr
edictionslrelatedltolalpotentiallyladaptivelbehaviorlinlorderltolconsiderlitslfitnesslcostslandlbenefits,lev
aluatelitsladaptivelvalue,landlidentifylwhylitlevolved.
Bloom’slLevel:l3.lApplying
12. Iflanladaptationlislthelproductloflnaturallselection,ltheltraitlwill
a. providelalnetlreproductivelgainlforlindividualslthatlpossesslthelattribute.
