C
PSYC TRY
EX
EST S
T
S L T S
L TEST
P TE
GR E
, CD 663 P S Y C H I AT RY E X A M 1 (450
QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS) 2024
L AT E S T UPDATED G R AD E D A+
What is swallowing/deglutition - Solution All processes, functons and acts
associated with introducton of food/material to be swallowed, including
preparing, transferring, and transporting to stomach
What is a bolus - Solution food, liquid, or material placed in mouth for
ingestion
What is dysphagia - Solution - the result of a physiologic change in the
muscles needed for swallowing
- a swallowing disorder that may involve signs and symptoms of mouth,
pharynx, larynx, and/or esophagus
Example of dysphagia - Solution - delay in the propulsion of a bolus as it
transits from the mouth to the stomach
- misdirection of the bolus
What is a feeding disorder - Solution - impairment in the process of food
transport outside the alimentary pathway (difficulty manipulating food prior
to swallow)
- disordered placement of food in mouth
Feeding disorder in adults/children - Solution weakness or incoordination
in hads/arms
Feeding disorder in infants/children - Solution failing to develop or
demonstrate developmentally appropriate eating/drinking behaviors
How many S L P s report regulary service to dysphagic patients (ASHA
technical report) - Solution 47%
How many S L P s working in hospitals and residential health care settings
report regualry service to dysphagic patients - Solution 91%
,Is dysphagia a disease - Solution no, it is a disorder caused by disease or
medical diagnosis
What adult populations are affected by dysphagia - Solution - stroke
- head injury,
- progressive neurological diseases (ALS, Parkinsons)
- Alzheimers
- head and neck cancers
- tracheostomy
- vocal fold dysfunction (paralysis/paresis)
How is age related to dysphagia - Solution individuals 85 and older were
18 times more likely to have a diagnosis of dysphagia compared to those
under age 25
What CHILD populations are affected by dysphagia - Solution -
prematurity/low birth weight
- cerebral palsy
- craniofacial anomolies
- failure to thrive/pediatric undernutrition
- developmental disability
How many children with C P have swallowing disorder at some point -
Solution 85-90%
Why do we care about dysphagia - Solution - health risk (aspiration,
malnutrition, dehydration)
- quality of life (normal adults = 580 swallows per day, social)
Dysphagia: priorities and concerns of S L P s - Solution - adequate nutrition
and hydration
- safety of patient during oral feeding (adults)
- enteral or tube feeding
Is oral feeding an appropriate goal of all clients - Solution no
Who should be NPO - Solution patients aspirating 10% or more of bolus
despite all possible adjustments
, S L P role in swallowing and feeding disorders - Solution - clinical
swallowing and feeding assessment (oral mech exam, bedside exam of
swallow/feeding)
- perform instrumental assessments as appropriate
(videoflouroscopy/MBS/VFS/VFSS and endoscopy/FEES)
- identify normal and abnormal swallowing anatomy and physiology
- identify signs of possible/potential disorders in oral and pharyngeal stages
of swallowing
- make decisions about management
- develop treatment plan
- provide treatment, document progress, and determine appropriate
dismissal criteria
- teach/counsel patients and family
- educate other professionals
- serve as part of a team
- advocate for services for individuals
- advance the knowledge based through research activities (EBP)
Who is a part of the dysphagia team - Solution - S L P
- parents/caregivers/family
- physicians/medical specialists (neurologist, pulmonologist, ENT,
radiologist, pediatrician, gastroenterologist, maxillofacial prosthodontist)
- nursing
- OT/PT or respiratory therapist
- nutritionist/dentition
- social work and psychology
Level of care may differ depending on - Solution the setting where the
patient is seen (the role of each professional may be different)
The access to some medical specialties may not be available across -
Solution different settings
Name the medical care settings - Solution - acute
- subacute (short-term care and long term care)
- home health
Acute care setting often refers to - Solution the hospital
PSYC TRY
EX
EST S
T
S L T S
L TEST
P TE
GR E
, CD 663 P S Y C H I AT RY E X A M 1 (450
QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS) 2024
L AT E S T UPDATED G R AD E D A+
What is swallowing/deglutition - Solution All processes, functons and acts
associated with introducton of food/material to be swallowed, including
preparing, transferring, and transporting to stomach
What is a bolus - Solution food, liquid, or material placed in mouth for
ingestion
What is dysphagia - Solution - the result of a physiologic change in the
muscles needed for swallowing
- a swallowing disorder that may involve signs and symptoms of mouth,
pharynx, larynx, and/or esophagus
Example of dysphagia - Solution - delay in the propulsion of a bolus as it
transits from the mouth to the stomach
- misdirection of the bolus
What is a feeding disorder - Solution - impairment in the process of food
transport outside the alimentary pathway (difficulty manipulating food prior
to swallow)
- disordered placement of food in mouth
Feeding disorder in adults/children - Solution weakness or incoordination
in hads/arms
Feeding disorder in infants/children - Solution failing to develop or
demonstrate developmentally appropriate eating/drinking behaviors
How many S L P s report regulary service to dysphagic patients (ASHA
technical report) - Solution 47%
How many S L P s working in hospitals and residential health care settings
report regualry service to dysphagic patients - Solution 91%
,Is dysphagia a disease - Solution no, it is a disorder caused by disease or
medical diagnosis
What adult populations are affected by dysphagia - Solution - stroke
- head injury,
- progressive neurological diseases (ALS, Parkinsons)
- Alzheimers
- head and neck cancers
- tracheostomy
- vocal fold dysfunction (paralysis/paresis)
How is age related to dysphagia - Solution individuals 85 and older were
18 times more likely to have a diagnosis of dysphagia compared to those
under age 25
What CHILD populations are affected by dysphagia - Solution -
prematurity/low birth weight
- cerebral palsy
- craniofacial anomolies
- failure to thrive/pediatric undernutrition
- developmental disability
How many children with C P have swallowing disorder at some point -
Solution 85-90%
Why do we care about dysphagia - Solution - health risk (aspiration,
malnutrition, dehydration)
- quality of life (normal adults = 580 swallows per day, social)
Dysphagia: priorities and concerns of S L P s - Solution - adequate nutrition
and hydration
- safety of patient during oral feeding (adults)
- enteral or tube feeding
Is oral feeding an appropriate goal of all clients - Solution no
Who should be NPO - Solution patients aspirating 10% or more of bolus
despite all possible adjustments
, S L P role in swallowing and feeding disorders - Solution - clinical
swallowing and feeding assessment (oral mech exam, bedside exam of
swallow/feeding)
- perform instrumental assessments as appropriate
(videoflouroscopy/MBS/VFS/VFSS and endoscopy/FEES)
- identify normal and abnormal swallowing anatomy and physiology
- identify signs of possible/potential disorders in oral and pharyngeal stages
of swallowing
- make decisions about management
- develop treatment plan
- provide treatment, document progress, and determine appropriate
dismissal criteria
- teach/counsel patients and family
- educate other professionals
- serve as part of a team
- advocate for services for individuals
- advance the knowledge based through research activities (EBP)
Who is a part of the dysphagia team - Solution - S L P
- parents/caregivers/family
- physicians/medical specialists (neurologist, pulmonologist, ENT,
radiologist, pediatrician, gastroenterologist, maxillofacial prosthodontist)
- nursing
- OT/PT or respiratory therapist
- nutritionist/dentition
- social work and psychology
Level of care may differ depending on - Solution the setting where the
patient is seen (the role of each professional may be different)
The access to some medical specialties may not be available across -
Solution different settings
Name the medical care settings - Solution - acute
- subacute (short-term care and long term care)
- home health
Acute care setting often refers to - Solution the hospital
