C HAPTER 13: M ICROBIAL E VOLUTION AND
S YSTEMATICS
Test Bank for Brock Biology of Microorganism 16th Edi tion by Michael T.
Madigan
13.1 Multiple Choice Questions
1. The earliest stromatolites were probabl y formed by
A) anox ygenic phototrophs.
B) anox ygenic lithotrophs.
C) oxygenic phototrophs.
D) oxygenic lithotrophs.
2. Compared with today, the temperature on Earth during its first half -billion
years was probabl y
A) considerabl y warmer.
B) considerabl y colder.
C) about the same as today.
D) about the same as today on average, but the diurnal fluctuations were
much greater.
3. The earliest RNA probabl y functioned in
A) catal ysis.
B) self-replication.
C) both catal ysis and self -replication.
D) neither catal ysis nor self -replication.
, 4. Chemical reactions involving ________ have been proposed as energy-
yielding reactions for the earliest organ isms on Earth.
A) Fe, O2, and H2
B) S, O2, and H2
C) S, and O2
D) S, and H2
5. Evolution is driven by
A) random mutation.
B) novel metabolic pathways.
C) selection pressure.
D) selection pressure applied to random mutation.
6. Because DNA-DNA hybridization reveals subtle differences in genes, it is
useful for differentiating organisms from different
A) domains.
B) families.
C) orders.
D) strains or species.
7. Oxygen did not accumulate in the earl y atmosphere until it reacted with
reduced materials, especiall y _______, in the oceans.
A) hydrogen
B) elemental sulfur
C) ferrous iron
D) nitrate
8. The evolutionary history of a group of organisms is called its _______ and
it is inferred from _______.
A) taxonom y / phenot ype
B) phylogeny / nucleotide sequen ce data
C) phylogeny / phenot ype
S YSTEMATICS
Test Bank for Brock Biology of Microorganism 16th Edi tion by Michael T.
Madigan
13.1 Multiple Choice Questions
1. The earliest stromatolites were probabl y formed by
A) anox ygenic phototrophs.
B) anox ygenic lithotrophs.
C) oxygenic phototrophs.
D) oxygenic lithotrophs.
2. Compared with today, the temperature on Earth during its first half -billion
years was probabl y
A) considerabl y warmer.
B) considerabl y colder.
C) about the same as today.
D) about the same as today on average, but the diurnal fluctuations were
much greater.
3. The earliest RNA probabl y functioned in
A) catal ysis.
B) self-replication.
C) both catal ysis and self -replication.
D) neither catal ysis nor self -replication.
, 4. Chemical reactions involving ________ have been proposed as energy-
yielding reactions for the earliest organ isms on Earth.
A) Fe, O2, and H2
B) S, O2, and H2
C) S, and O2
D) S, and H2
5. Evolution is driven by
A) random mutation.
B) novel metabolic pathways.
C) selection pressure.
D) selection pressure applied to random mutation.
6. Because DNA-DNA hybridization reveals subtle differences in genes, it is
useful for differentiating organisms from different
A) domains.
B) families.
C) orders.
D) strains or species.
7. Oxygen did not accumulate in the earl y atmosphere until it reacted with
reduced materials, especiall y _______, in the oceans.
A) hydrogen
B) elemental sulfur
C) ferrous iron
D) nitrate
8. The evolutionary history of a group of organisms is called its _______ and
it is inferred from _______.
A) taxonom y / phenot ype
B) phylogeny / nucleotide sequen ce data
C) phylogeny / phenot ype
