C HAPTER 15: F UNCTIONAL D IVERSITY OF
M ICROORGANISMS
Test Bank for Brock Biology of Microorganism 16th Edition by Michael T.
Madigan
15.1 Multiple Choice Questions
1. Microbial diversit y is thought of in terms of phylogenetic diversit y and
functional diversit y because
A) similar functional traits are often found in divergent phylogenetic
groups.
B) phylogenetic diversity dictates functional diversit y in microbes.
C) functional diversit y onl y pertains to functions that are not
phylogenetic.
D) similar phylogenetic groups almost always ha ve similar functional
traits.
2. Functional traits can be shared between organisms with divergent SSU
rRNA gene sequences because
A) functional traits may be lost by different lineages over time.
B) functional traits may evolve independently in different lineag es over
time.
C) horizontal gene transfer can result in the transfer of genes between
divergent lineages.
D) functional traits may evolve independently, be shared through
horizontal gene transfer, or be lost in divergent lineages.
3. What form of photosynthesis evolved first on Earth?
A) oxygenic
, B) anox ygenic
C) autotrophic
D) heterotrophic
4. The onl y group of oxygenic phototrophic bacteria are the
A) green nonsulfur bacteria.
B) Chloroflexi.
C) Cyanobacteria.
D) Chlorobi.
5. Which of the following conditions would you use to e nrich purple
nonsulfur bacteria from lake sediments?
A) anoxic media with a good light source
B) mineral media with ammonia and ox ygen in the dark
C) anoxic mineral media with an organic acid and a good light source
D) mineral media with nitrate and acetate in the dark
6. All microbial phototrophs
A) fix carbon dioxide.
B) use water as an electron donor for photosynthesis.
C) fix carbon dioxide and use water as an electron donor for
photosynthesis.
D) use light energy to drive electron transport to generate energy.
7. You are looking at a sample from the top green layer of a colorful
bacterial mat. Using phase contrast and fluorescence microscopy, you see
evenl y spaced cells in the middle of a filament that are slightly smaller
than the others. The smaller cells are not fluor escent, indicating they lack
photosystem II, but the rest of the filament is fluorescent. What is the
most likel y function of the smaller cells in the filament?
A) survival in the dark
B) nitrogen fixation
, C) sulfur storage
D) nitrate storage
8. Sulfate-reducing bacteria are a _______ that are found in _______
environments.
A) monophyletic group / anoxic
B) pol yphyletic group / oxic
C) morphologicall y distinct group / anoxic
D) morphologicall y distinct group / oxic
9. Purple sulfur bacteria are
A) alphaproteobacteria that oxidi ze hydrogen sulfide in the presence of
oxygen or nitrate.
B) gammaproteobacteria that use hydrogen sulfide as an electron donor
for photosynthesis.
C) a phylogeneticall y heterogeneous group of microbes that reduce
sulfate to sulfur.
D) thermophilic bacteria that reduce elemental sulfur to sulfide.
10.The ecological diversit y of phototrophic bacteria is illustrated by the
different _______ that allow them to perform photosynthesis in low light
environments such as deep in the ocean, in various sediments, and in thi ck
layered mats.
A) nitrogen fixation strategies
B) bacteriochlorophyll and photosystems
C) specialized stalked cells
D) endospores and resistant cell t ypes
11.Green sulfur bacteria are often found at the greatest depths of all
phototrophic cells in lakes, oceans, and microbial mats. This is because
green sulfur bacteria
M ICROORGANISMS
Test Bank for Brock Biology of Microorganism 16th Edition by Michael T.
Madigan
15.1 Multiple Choice Questions
1. Microbial diversit y is thought of in terms of phylogenetic diversit y and
functional diversit y because
A) similar functional traits are often found in divergent phylogenetic
groups.
B) phylogenetic diversity dictates functional diversit y in microbes.
C) functional diversit y onl y pertains to functions that are not
phylogenetic.
D) similar phylogenetic groups almost always ha ve similar functional
traits.
2. Functional traits can be shared between organisms with divergent SSU
rRNA gene sequences because
A) functional traits may be lost by different lineages over time.
B) functional traits may evolve independently in different lineag es over
time.
C) horizontal gene transfer can result in the transfer of genes between
divergent lineages.
D) functional traits may evolve independently, be shared through
horizontal gene transfer, or be lost in divergent lineages.
3. What form of photosynthesis evolved first on Earth?
A) oxygenic
, B) anox ygenic
C) autotrophic
D) heterotrophic
4. The onl y group of oxygenic phototrophic bacteria are the
A) green nonsulfur bacteria.
B) Chloroflexi.
C) Cyanobacteria.
D) Chlorobi.
5. Which of the following conditions would you use to e nrich purple
nonsulfur bacteria from lake sediments?
A) anoxic media with a good light source
B) mineral media with ammonia and ox ygen in the dark
C) anoxic mineral media with an organic acid and a good light source
D) mineral media with nitrate and acetate in the dark
6. All microbial phototrophs
A) fix carbon dioxide.
B) use water as an electron donor for photosynthesis.
C) fix carbon dioxide and use water as an electron donor for
photosynthesis.
D) use light energy to drive electron transport to generate energy.
7. You are looking at a sample from the top green layer of a colorful
bacterial mat. Using phase contrast and fluorescence microscopy, you see
evenl y spaced cells in the middle of a filament that are slightly smaller
than the others. The smaller cells are not fluor escent, indicating they lack
photosystem II, but the rest of the filament is fluorescent. What is the
most likel y function of the smaller cells in the filament?
A) survival in the dark
B) nitrogen fixation
, C) sulfur storage
D) nitrate storage
8. Sulfate-reducing bacteria are a _______ that are found in _______
environments.
A) monophyletic group / anoxic
B) pol yphyletic group / oxic
C) morphologicall y distinct group / anoxic
D) morphologicall y distinct group / oxic
9. Purple sulfur bacteria are
A) alphaproteobacteria that oxidi ze hydrogen sulfide in the presence of
oxygen or nitrate.
B) gammaproteobacteria that use hydrogen sulfide as an electron donor
for photosynthesis.
C) a phylogeneticall y heterogeneous group of microbes that reduce
sulfate to sulfur.
D) thermophilic bacteria that reduce elemental sulfur to sulfide.
10.The ecological diversit y of phototrophic bacteria is illustrated by the
different _______ that allow them to perform photosynthesis in low light
environments such as deep in the ocean, in various sediments, and in thi ck
layered mats.
A) nitrogen fixation strategies
B) bacteriochlorophyll and photosystems
C) specialized stalked cells
D) endospores and resistant cell t ypes
11.Green sulfur bacteria are often found at the greatest depths of all
phototrophic cells in lakes, oceans, and microbial mats. This is because
green sulfur bacteria
