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ARDMS ABDOMINAL SONOGRAPHY EXAM |
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS | GRADED A+ |
LATEST VERSION | VERIFIED ANSWERS
example of prehepatic portal hypertension - (answers)portal vein thrombosis
example of intrahepatic portal hypertension - (answers)cirrhosis
example of posthepatic portal hypertension - (answers)Budd-Chiari syndrome
identify causes of renal vein thrombosis - (answers)1. IVC or renal vein extrinsic
compression
2. nephrotic syndrome
3. renal tumors
4. renal allografts
5. trauma
list 4 sonographic indications for acute renal vein thrombosis - (answers)1. dilated
thrombosed renal vein
2. absence of venous flow within the kidney
3. enlarged hypoechoic kidney
4. high resistive renal artery waveform
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what is the most common cause of acute renal failure? - (answers)acute tubular
necrosis is the most common cause of acute renal failure. causes include: shock,
trauma, sepsis and drug toxicity. renal enlargement and increased resistive index
may be seen associated with ATN.
sonographically, how is obstructive nephropathy differentiated from
nonobstructive nephropathy? - (answers)obstructive nephropathy
(hydronephrosis) is diagnosed using an intrarenal resistivity index (RI) threshold of
greater than 0.7. this method of determining obstruction is only relevant to acute
obstruction. the resistive index may be normal in chronic obstruction.
nonobstructive nephropathy will have resistive index values of less than 0.7.
ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) obstruction is a common congenital anomaly. what
genitourinary tract anomaly is commonly associated with contralateral UPJ
obstruction? - (answers)unilateral multicystic dysplastic kidney is commonly
associated with a contralateral ureteropelvic junction obstruction.
renal calculi are the most common cause of obstruction in patients with acute
flank pain. name three common locations within the urinary tract for obstruction
from a renal calculi. - (answers)1. ureterovesical junction(most common***)
2. ureteropelvic junction
3. ureteric obstruction at level of pelvic inlet
resistive index is a measurement used to evaluate renal transplants, assess
suspected hydronephrosis, evaluate medical renal disease, and evaluate
suspected renal neoplasms. what is the formula for resistive index? -
(answers)resistive index= Peak systolic freq-end diastolic freq/
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peak systolic freq
describe the waveform characteristics of the arterial side of an arteriovenous
fistula - (answers)the waveform of the arterial side of an arteriovenous fistula
demonstrates an abnormally low resistive arterial flow pattern. this means a
waveform with increased and sustained diastolic flow.
describe the waveform characteristics of the venous side of an arteriovenous
fistula - (answers)the venous side of an arteriovenous fistula demonstrates a
waveform with increased velocity, pulsatility and with spectral broadening due to
turbulence.
list 4 sonographic criteria for determining renal artery stenosis - (answers)1.
kidney size less than 9 cm in length
2. peak main renal artery velocity > 180 cm/sec
3. renal artery/aorta ratio > 3.5
4. intrarenal parvus tardus waveform
describe the sonographic appearance of a ureterocele - (answers)round, cystic
structures that project into the bladder lumen at the ureterovesical junction
name the structure that connects the apex of the bladder to the umbilicus -
(answers)median umbilical ligament ( urachus)
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what is the term that describes cystic dilatation of the median umbilical ligament
(urachus) - (answers)urachal cyst - seen as an echo-free tubular structure in the
lower abdomen that extends from the umbilicus to the dome of the bladder
what object is placed in the IVC to prevent the ascension of lower extremity
thrombus into the lungs? - (answers)Greenfield Filter
what role can ultrasound play in the evaluation of the Greenfield filter? -
(answers)can determine location
trace the sequence of branching renal arteries from the aorta to the renal capsule
- (answers)main renal artery
segmental arteries
interlobar arteries
arcuate arteries
interlobar arteries
which arteries of the kidneys are positioned between the medullary pyramids? -
(answers)interlobar arteries
which arteries of the kidney are parallel to the base of the medullary pyramids? -
(answers)arcuate arteries
ARDMS ABDOMINAL SONOGRAPHY EXAM |
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS | GRADED A+ |
LATEST VERSION | VERIFIED ANSWERS
example of prehepatic portal hypertension - (answers)portal vein thrombosis
example of intrahepatic portal hypertension - (answers)cirrhosis
example of posthepatic portal hypertension - (answers)Budd-Chiari syndrome
identify causes of renal vein thrombosis - (answers)1. IVC or renal vein extrinsic
compression
2. nephrotic syndrome
3. renal tumors
4. renal allografts
5. trauma
list 4 sonographic indications for acute renal vein thrombosis - (answers)1. dilated
thrombosed renal vein
2. absence of venous flow within the kidney
3. enlarged hypoechoic kidney
4. high resistive renal artery waveform
,2|Page
what is the most common cause of acute renal failure? - (answers)acute tubular
necrosis is the most common cause of acute renal failure. causes include: shock,
trauma, sepsis and drug toxicity. renal enlargement and increased resistive index
may be seen associated with ATN.
sonographically, how is obstructive nephropathy differentiated from
nonobstructive nephropathy? - (answers)obstructive nephropathy
(hydronephrosis) is diagnosed using an intrarenal resistivity index (RI) threshold of
greater than 0.7. this method of determining obstruction is only relevant to acute
obstruction. the resistive index may be normal in chronic obstruction.
nonobstructive nephropathy will have resistive index values of less than 0.7.
ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) obstruction is a common congenital anomaly. what
genitourinary tract anomaly is commonly associated with contralateral UPJ
obstruction? - (answers)unilateral multicystic dysplastic kidney is commonly
associated with a contralateral ureteropelvic junction obstruction.
renal calculi are the most common cause of obstruction in patients with acute
flank pain. name three common locations within the urinary tract for obstruction
from a renal calculi. - (answers)1. ureterovesical junction(most common***)
2. ureteropelvic junction
3. ureteric obstruction at level of pelvic inlet
resistive index is a measurement used to evaluate renal transplants, assess
suspected hydronephrosis, evaluate medical renal disease, and evaluate
suspected renal neoplasms. what is the formula for resistive index? -
(answers)resistive index= Peak systolic freq-end diastolic freq/
,3|Page
peak systolic freq
describe the waveform characteristics of the arterial side of an arteriovenous
fistula - (answers)the waveform of the arterial side of an arteriovenous fistula
demonstrates an abnormally low resistive arterial flow pattern. this means a
waveform with increased and sustained diastolic flow.
describe the waveform characteristics of the venous side of an arteriovenous
fistula - (answers)the venous side of an arteriovenous fistula demonstrates a
waveform with increased velocity, pulsatility and with spectral broadening due to
turbulence.
list 4 sonographic criteria for determining renal artery stenosis - (answers)1.
kidney size less than 9 cm in length
2. peak main renal artery velocity > 180 cm/sec
3. renal artery/aorta ratio > 3.5
4. intrarenal parvus tardus waveform
describe the sonographic appearance of a ureterocele - (answers)round, cystic
structures that project into the bladder lumen at the ureterovesical junction
name the structure that connects the apex of the bladder to the umbilicus -
(answers)median umbilical ligament ( urachus)
, 4|Page
what is the term that describes cystic dilatation of the median umbilical ligament
(urachus) - (answers)urachal cyst - seen as an echo-free tubular structure in the
lower abdomen that extends from the umbilicus to the dome of the bladder
what object is placed in the IVC to prevent the ascension of lower extremity
thrombus into the lungs? - (answers)Greenfield Filter
what role can ultrasound play in the evaluation of the Greenfield filter? -
(answers)can determine location
trace the sequence of branching renal arteries from the aorta to the renal capsule
- (answers)main renal artery
segmental arteries
interlobar arteries
arcuate arteries
interlobar arteries
which arteries of the kidneys are positioned between the medullary pyramids? -
(answers)interlobar arteries
which arteries of the kidney are parallel to the base of the medullary pyramids? -
(answers)arcuate arteries
