MILADY CIMA CHAPTER 15 EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED
LATEST UPDATE
chemical texture services
Hair services that cause a chemical change that alters the natural wave pattern of the
hair
Amino acids
Compounds made up of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and sulfur.
Peptide bonds
Also known as end bonds; chemical bonds that join amino acids together, end to end in
long chains, to form polypeptide chains.
Polypeptide chains
Long chains of amino acids joined together by peptide bonds
keratin proteins
Long, coiled polypeptide chains.
Side bonds
Disulfide, salt, and hydrogen bonds that cross-link polypeptide chains together.
Disulfide bonds
Strong chemical side bonds formed when the sulfur atoms in two adjacent protein
chains are joined together.
, Hydrogen bonds
Weak physical side bonds that are also the result of an attraction between opposite
electrical charges; they are easily broken by water (wet setting) or heat (thermal styling),
and they re-form as the hair dries or cools.
Permanent waving
a two step process whereby the hair undergoes a physical change caused by wrapping
the hair on perm rods and then hair undergoes a chemical change caused by the
application of permanent waving solution and neutralizer
Thioglycolic acid
The most common reducing agent in permanent wave solutions.
ammonium thioglycolate (ATG)
Active ingredient or reducing agent in alkaline permanents.
Alkaline waves
Also known as cold waves; they have a pH between 9.0 and 9.6, use ammonium
thioglycolate (ATG) as the reducing agent, and process at room temperature without the
addition of heat.
Glyceryl monothioglycolate (GMTG)
Main active ingredient in true acid-balanced waving lotions.
True acid waves
Have a pH between 4.5 and 7.0 and require heat to process; they process more slowly
than alkaline waves, and do not usually produce as firm a curl as alkaline waves.
acid-balanced waves
ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED
LATEST UPDATE
chemical texture services
Hair services that cause a chemical change that alters the natural wave pattern of the
hair
Amino acids
Compounds made up of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and sulfur.
Peptide bonds
Also known as end bonds; chemical bonds that join amino acids together, end to end in
long chains, to form polypeptide chains.
Polypeptide chains
Long chains of amino acids joined together by peptide bonds
keratin proteins
Long, coiled polypeptide chains.
Side bonds
Disulfide, salt, and hydrogen bonds that cross-link polypeptide chains together.
Disulfide bonds
Strong chemical side bonds formed when the sulfur atoms in two adjacent protein
chains are joined together.
, Hydrogen bonds
Weak physical side bonds that are also the result of an attraction between opposite
electrical charges; they are easily broken by water (wet setting) or heat (thermal styling),
and they re-form as the hair dries or cools.
Permanent waving
a two step process whereby the hair undergoes a physical change caused by wrapping
the hair on perm rods and then hair undergoes a chemical change caused by the
application of permanent waving solution and neutralizer
Thioglycolic acid
The most common reducing agent in permanent wave solutions.
ammonium thioglycolate (ATG)
Active ingredient or reducing agent in alkaline permanents.
Alkaline waves
Also known as cold waves; they have a pH between 9.0 and 9.6, use ammonium
thioglycolate (ATG) as the reducing agent, and process at room temperature without the
addition of heat.
Glyceryl monothioglycolate (GMTG)
Main active ingredient in true acid-balanced waving lotions.
True acid waves
Have a pH between 4.5 and 7.0 and require heat to process; they process more slowly
than alkaline waves, and do not usually produce as firm a curl as alkaline waves.
acid-balanced waves
