InstructornManual:nMiller,nBusinessnLawnTodayn–nStandardnEdition:nTextn&nSummarizednCasesn13en2022,
9780357634943;nChaptern1-36
Instructor Manual n
Miller,nBusinessnLawnTodayn–nStandardnEdition:nTextn&nSummarizednCasesn13en2022,n9780357634943;
Chaptern1:nLawnandnLegalnReasoning
Table of Contents
n n
PurposenandnPerspectivenofnthenChapter ...................................................................................................... 2
CengagenSupplements .................................................................................................................................. 2
ChapternObjectives........................................................................................................................................ 2
KeynTerms...................................................................................................................................................... 2
What'snNewninnThisnChapter.......................................................................................................................... 5
ChapternOutline............................................................................................................................................. 6
DiscussionnQuestions .................................................................................................................................... 9
AdditionalnActivitiesnandnAssignments........................................................................................................ 10
AdditionalnResources .................................................................................................................................. 11
CengagenVideonResource ........................................................................................................................ 11
©n2022nCengage.nAllnRightsnReserved.nMaynnotnbenscanned,ncopiednornduplicated,nornpostedntonanpubliclynacces 1
sible
website,ninnwholenorninnpart.
,InstructornManual:nMiller,nBusinessnLawnTodayn–nStandardnEdition:nTextn&nSummarizednCasesn13en2022,
9780357634943;nChaptern1-36
Purpose and Perspective of the Chapter
n n n n n
Thenpurposenofnthisnchapternisnfornstudentsntonlearnnhownbusinessnlawnandnthenlegalnenvironment
naffectnbusinessndecisions.nThenlawsnmaynchange,nbutnthenabilityntonanalyzenandnevaluatenthenlegaln(andnet
hical)nramificationsnofnsituationsnasntheynarisenisnanninvaluablenandnlastingnskill.nStudentsnwillnlearnnhownto
nthinknaboutnthenlawnandnthenlegalnenvironmentnandndevelopncritical-thinkingnandnlegalnreasoningnskills.
Cengage Supplements n
Thenfollowingnproduct-
levelnsupplementsnprovidenadditionalninformationnthatnmaynhelpnyouninnpreparingnyourncourse.nTheynaren
availableninnthenInstructornResourcenCenter.
TransitionnGuiden(providesninformationnaboutnwhat’snnewnfromneditionntonedition)
TestnBankn(containsnassessmentnquestionsnandnproblems)
SolutionnandnAnswernGuiden(offersntextbooknsolutionsnandnfeedback)
PowerPointn(providesntext-basednlecturesnandnpresentations)
GuidentonTeachingnOnlinen(providesntechnologicalnandnpedagogicalnconsiderationsnandnresource
snfornteachingnonline)
MindTapnEducatornGuiden(describesnassetsninnthenMindTapnplatformnwithnandetailednbreakdow
nnofnactivitiesnbynchapternwithnseatntime)
Chapter Objectives
n
Thenfollowingnobjectivesnarenaddressedninnthisnchapter:n1.Explai
nnhowncommonnlawnandncivilnlawndiffer.
2.Explainnthencreationnandndevelopmentnofnthencommonnlaw
.n3.Explainnthencreationnandndevelopmentnofnstatutorynlaw.
4. Explainnhowncommonnlawnandncivilnlawnsystemsndiffer
.n5.Definenstarendecisis.
[returnntontop]
Key Terms
n
Adjudicate:ntonrendernanjudicialndecision;nadjudicationnisnthentrial-
likenproceedingninnwhichnannadministrativenlawnjudgenhearsnandnresolvesndisputesninvolvingnannadministrati
venagency’snregulations.
Administrativenagency:nanfederal,nstate,nornlocalngovernmentnagencyncreatednbynthenlegislaturent
onperformnanspecificnfunction,nsuchnasntonmakenandnenforcenrulesnpertainingntonthenenvironment.
©n2022nCengage.nAllnRightsnReserved.nMaynnotnbenscanned,ncopiednornduplicated,nornpostedntonanpubliclynacces 2
sible
website,ninnwholenorninnpart.
,InstructornManual:nMiller,nBusinessnLawnTodayn–nStandardnEdition:nTextn&nSummarizednCasesn13en2022,
9780357634943;nChaptern1-36
Administrativenlaw:nthenbodynofnlawncreatednbynadministrativenagenciesninnorderntoncarrynoutntheirndutie
snandnresponsibilities.
Administrativenlawnjudgen(ALJ):nonenwhonpresidesnovernannadministrativenagencynhearingnandnhasnthen
powerntonadministernoaths,ntakentestimony,nrulenonnquestionsnofnevidence,nandnmakendeterminationsno
fnfact.
Administrativenprocess:nthenprocedurenusednbynadministrativenagenciesninnfulfillingntheirnthreenbasi
cnfunctions:nrulemaking,nenforcement,nandnadjudication.
Allege:ntonstate,nrecite,nassert,norncharge.
Bindingnauthority:nanynsourcenofnlawnthatnancourtnmustnfollownwhenndecidingnancase.
Casenlaw:nthenrulesnofnlawnannouncedninncourtndecisions;ncasenlawninterpretsnstatutes,nregulations
,nconstitutionalnprovisions,nandngovernsnallnareasnnotncoverednbynstatutorynornadministrativenlaw.
Casenonnpoint:nanpreviousncaseninvolvingnfactualncircumstancesnandnissuesnthatnarensimilarntonthoseninnth
encasenbeforenthencourt.
Citation:nanreferencentonanpublicationninnwhichnanlegalnauthority—
suchnasnanstatutenornancourtndecision—nornothernsourcencannbenfound.
Civilnlaw:nthenbranchnofnlawndealingnwithnthendefinitionnandnenforcementnofnallnprivatenornpublicnrights,na
snopposedntoncriminalnmatters.
Civilnlawnsystem:nansystemnofnlawnderivednfromnRomannlawnthatnisnbasednonncodifiednlawsn(rathernthanno
nncasenprecedents).
Commonnlaw:nthenbodynofnlawndevelopednfromncustomnornjudicialndecisionsninnEnglishnandnU.S.ncourts
,nnotnattributablentonanlegislature.
Concurringnopinion:nancourtnopinionnbynonenornmorenjudgesnornjusticesnwhonagreenwithnthenmajoritynbu
tnwantntonmakenornemphasizenanpointnthatnwasnnotnmadenornemphasizedninnthenmajority’snopinion.
Constitutionalnlaw:nthenbodynofnlawnderivednfromnthenU.S.nConstitutionnandnthenconstitutionsnofnth
envariousnstates.
Criminalnlaw:nthenbranchnofnlawnthatndefinesnandnpunishesnwrongfulnactionsncommittednagainstnth
enpublic.
Cyberlaw:nanninformalntermnusedntonreferntonallnlawsngoverningnelectronicncommunicationsnan
dntransactions,nparticularlynthosenconductednvianthenInternet.
Defendant:nonenagainstnwhomnanlawsuitnisnbroughtn(i.e.,nthenaccusednperson)ninnancriminalnproceeding.
©n2022nCengage.nAllnRightsnReserved.nMaynnotnbenscanned,ncopiednornduplicated,nornpostedntonanpubliclynacces 3
sible
website,ninnwholenorninnpart.
, InstructornManual:nMiller,nBusinessnLawnTodayn–nStandardnEdition:nTextn&nSummarizednCasesn13en2022,
9780357634943;nChaptern1-36
Dissentingnopinion:nancourtnopinionnthatnpresentsnthenviewsnofnonenornmorenjudgesnornjusticesnwh
ondisagreenwithnthenmajority’sndecision.
Enablingnlegislation:nanstatutenenactednbynCongressnthatnauthorizesnthencreationnofnannadministrativ
enagencynandnspecifiesnthenname,ncomposition,npurpose,nandnpowersnofnthenagencynbeingncreated.
Equitablenmaxims:ngeneralnpropositionsnornprinciplesnofnlawnthatnhaventondonwithnfairnessn(equity).
Historicalnschool:nanschoolnofnlegalnthoughtnthatnlooksntonthenpastntondeterminenwhatnthenprinciplesno
fncontemporarynlawnshouldnbe.
Internationalnlaw:nlawnthatngovernsnrelationsnamongnnations.
Interpretivenrules:nnonbindingnrulesnornpolicynstatementsnissuednbynannadministrativenagencynthatnexplai
nnhownitninterpretsnandnintendsntonapplynthenstatutesnitnenforces.
Jurisprudence:nthensciencenornphilosophynofnlaw.
Law:nanbodynofnenforceablenrulesngoverningnrelationshipsnamongnindividualsnandnbetweennindividualsnan
dntheirnsociety.
Legalnpositivism:nanschoolnofnlegalnthoughtncenterednonnthenassumptionnthatntherenisnnonlawnhigherntha
nnthenlawsncreatednbynannationalngovernment;nlawsnmustnbenobeyed,nevennifntheynarenunjust,ntonpreventn
anarchy.
Legalnrealism:nanschoolnofnlegalnthoughtnthatnholdsnthatnthenlawnisnonlynonenfactorntonbenconsiderednwhe
nndecidingncases,nandnthatnsocialnandneconomicncircumstancesnshouldnalsonbentakennintonaccount.
Legalnreasoning:nthenprocessnofnreasoningnbynwhichnjudgesnharmonizentheirnopinionsnwithnthenjudicia
lnopinionsninnpreviousncases.
Legislativenrules:nadministrativenagencynrulesnthatncarrynthensamenweightnasncongressionallynenacte
dnstatutes.
Liability:nthenstatenofnbeingnlegallynresponsiblen(liable)nfornsomething,nsuchnasnandebtnornobligation.
Majoritynopinion:nancourtnopinionnthatnrepresentsnthenviewsnofnthenmajorityn(morenthannhalf)nofnth
enjudgesnornjusticesndecidingnthencase.
Nationalnlaw:nlawnthatnpertainsntonanparticularnnationn(asnopposedntoninternationalnlaw).
Naturalnlaw:nthenoldestnschoolnofnlegalnthought,nbasednonnthenbeliefnthatnthenlegalnsystemnshouldnreflectnu
niversaln(“higher”)nmoralnandnethicalnprinciplesnthatnareninherentninnhumannnature.
Ordinance:nanregulationnenactednbynancitynorncountynlegislativenbodynthatnbecomesnpartnofnthatnstate’
snstatutorynlaw.
©n2022nCengage.nAllnRightsnReserved.nMaynnotnbenscanned,ncopiednornduplicated,nornpostedntonanpubliclynacces 4
sible
website,ninnwholenorninnpart.
9780357634943;nChaptern1-36
Instructor Manual n
Miller,nBusinessnLawnTodayn–nStandardnEdition:nTextn&nSummarizednCasesn13en2022,n9780357634943;
Chaptern1:nLawnandnLegalnReasoning
Table of Contents
n n
PurposenandnPerspectivenofnthenChapter ...................................................................................................... 2
CengagenSupplements .................................................................................................................................. 2
ChapternObjectives........................................................................................................................................ 2
KeynTerms...................................................................................................................................................... 2
What'snNewninnThisnChapter.......................................................................................................................... 5
ChapternOutline............................................................................................................................................. 6
DiscussionnQuestions .................................................................................................................................... 9
AdditionalnActivitiesnandnAssignments........................................................................................................ 10
AdditionalnResources .................................................................................................................................. 11
CengagenVideonResource ........................................................................................................................ 11
©n2022nCengage.nAllnRightsnReserved.nMaynnotnbenscanned,ncopiednornduplicated,nornpostedntonanpubliclynacces 1
sible
website,ninnwholenorninnpart.
,InstructornManual:nMiller,nBusinessnLawnTodayn–nStandardnEdition:nTextn&nSummarizednCasesn13en2022,
9780357634943;nChaptern1-36
Purpose and Perspective of the Chapter
n n n n n
Thenpurposenofnthisnchapternisnfornstudentsntonlearnnhownbusinessnlawnandnthenlegalnenvironment
naffectnbusinessndecisions.nThenlawsnmaynchange,nbutnthenabilityntonanalyzenandnevaluatenthenlegaln(andnet
hical)nramificationsnofnsituationsnasntheynarisenisnanninvaluablenandnlastingnskill.nStudentsnwillnlearnnhownto
nthinknaboutnthenlawnandnthenlegalnenvironmentnandndevelopncritical-thinkingnandnlegalnreasoningnskills.
Cengage Supplements n
Thenfollowingnproduct-
levelnsupplementsnprovidenadditionalninformationnthatnmaynhelpnyouninnpreparingnyourncourse.nTheynaren
availableninnthenInstructornResourcenCenter.
TransitionnGuiden(providesninformationnaboutnwhat’snnewnfromneditionntonedition)
TestnBankn(containsnassessmentnquestionsnandnproblems)
SolutionnandnAnswernGuiden(offersntextbooknsolutionsnandnfeedback)
PowerPointn(providesntext-basednlecturesnandnpresentations)
GuidentonTeachingnOnlinen(providesntechnologicalnandnpedagogicalnconsiderationsnandnresource
snfornteachingnonline)
MindTapnEducatornGuiden(describesnassetsninnthenMindTapnplatformnwithnandetailednbreakdow
nnofnactivitiesnbynchapternwithnseatntime)
Chapter Objectives
n
Thenfollowingnobjectivesnarenaddressedninnthisnchapter:n1.Explai
nnhowncommonnlawnandncivilnlawndiffer.
2.Explainnthencreationnandndevelopmentnofnthencommonnlaw
.n3.Explainnthencreationnandndevelopmentnofnstatutorynlaw.
4. Explainnhowncommonnlawnandncivilnlawnsystemsndiffer
.n5.Definenstarendecisis.
[returnntontop]
Key Terms
n
Adjudicate:ntonrendernanjudicialndecision;nadjudicationnisnthentrial-
likenproceedingninnwhichnannadministrativenlawnjudgenhearsnandnresolvesndisputesninvolvingnannadministrati
venagency’snregulations.
Administrativenagency:nanfederal,nstate,nornlocalngovernmentnagencyncreatednbynthenlegislaturent
onperformnanspecificnfunction,nsuchnasntonmakenandnenforcenrulesnpertainingntonthenenvironment.
©n2022nCengage.nAllnRightsnReserved.nMaynnotnbenscanned,ncopiednornduplicated,nornpostedntonanpubliclynacces 2
sible
website,ninnwholenorninnpart.
,InstructornManual:nMiller,nBusinessnLawnTodayn–nStandardnEdition:nTextn&nSummarizednCasesn13en2022,
9780357634943;nChaptern1-36
Administrativenlaw:nthenbodynofnlawncreatednbynadministrativenagenciesninnorderntoncarrynoutntheirndutie
snandnresponsibilities.
Administrativenlawnjudgen(ALJ):nonenwhonpresidesnovernannadministrativenagencynhearingnandnhasnthen
powerntonadministernoaths,ntakentestimony,nrulenonnquestionsnofnevidence,nandnmakendeterminationsno
fnfact.
Administrativenprocess:nthenprocedurenusednbynadministrativenagenciesninnfulfillingntheirnthreenbasi
cnfunctions:nrulemaking,nenforcement,nandnadjudication.
Allege:ntonstate,nrecite,nassert,norncharge.
Bindingnauthority:nanynsourcenofnlawnthatnancourtnmustnfollownwhenndecidingnancase.
Casenlaw:nthenrulesnofnlawnannouncedninncourtndecisions;ncasenlawninterpretsnstatutes,nregulations
,nconstitutionalnprovisions,nandngovernsnallnareasnnotncoverednbynstatutorynornadministrativenlaw.
Casenonnpoint:nanpreviousncaseninvolvingnfactualncircumstancesnandnissuesnthatnarensimilarntonthoseninnth
encasenbeforenthencourt.
Citation:nanreferencentonanpublicationninnwhichnanlegalnauthority—
suchnasnanstatutenornancourtndecision—nornothernsourcencannbenfound.
Civilnlaw:nthenbranchnofnlawndealingnwithnthendefinitionnandnenforcementnofnallnprivatenornpublicnrights,na
snopposedntoncriminalnmatters.
Civilnlawnsystem:nansystemnofnlawnderivednfromnRomannlawnthatnisnbasednonncodifiednlawsn(rathernthanno
nncasenprecedents).
Commonnlaw:nthenbodynofnlawndevelopednfromncustomnornjudicialndecisionsninnEnglishnandnU.S.ncourts
,nnotnattributablentonanlegislature.
Concurringnopinion:nancourtnopinionnbynonenornmorenjudgesnornjusticesnwhonagreenwithnthenmajoritynbu
tnwantntonmakenornemphasizenanpointnthatnwasnnotnmadenornemphasizedninnthenmajority’snopinion.
Constitutionalnlaw:nthenbodynofnlawnderivednfromnthenU.S.nConstitutionnandnthenconstitutionsnofnth
envariousnstates.
Criminalnlaw:nthenbranchnofnlawnthatndefinesnandnpunishesnwrongfulnactionsncommittednagainstnth
enpublic.
Cyberlaw:nanninformalntermnusedntonreferntonallnlawsngoverningnelectronicncommunicationsnan
dntransactions,nparticularlynthosenconductednvianthenInternet.
Defendant:nonenagainstnwhomnanlawsuitnisnbroughtn(i.e.,nthenaccusednperson)ninnancriminalnproceeding.
©n2022nCengage.nAllnRightsnReserved.nMaynnotnbenscanned,ncopiednornduplicated,nornpostedntonanpubliclynacces 3
sible
website,ninnwholenorninnpart.
, InstructornManual:nMiller,nBusinessnLawnTodayn–nStandardnEdition:nTextn&nSummarizednCasesn13en2022,
9780357634943;nChaptern1-36
Dissentingnopinion:nancourtnopinionnthatnpresentsnthenviewsnofnonenornmorenjudgesnornjusticesnwh
ondisagreenwithnthenmajority’sndecision.
Enablingnlegislation:nanstatutenenactednbynCongressnthatnauthorizesnthencreationnofnannadministrativ
enagencynandnspecifiesnthenname,ncomposition,npurpose,nandnpowersnofnthenagencynbeingncreated.
Equitablenmaxims:ngeneralnpropositionsnornprinciplesnofnlawnthatnhaventondonwithnfairnessn(equity).
Historicalnschool:nanschoolnofnlegalnthoughtnthatnlooksntonthenpastntondeterminenwhatnthenprinciplesno
fncontemporarynlawnshouldnbe.
Internationalnlaw:nlawnthatngovernsnrelationsnamongnnations.
Interpretivenrules:nnonbindingnrulesnornpolicynstatementsnissuednbynannadministrativenagencynthatnexplai
nnhownitninterpretsnandnintendsntonapplynthenstatutesnitnenforces.
Jurisprudence:nthensciencenornphilosophynofnlaw.
Law:nanbodynofnenforceablenrulesngoverningnrelationshipsnamongnindividualsnandnbetweennindividualsnan
dntheirnsociety.
Legalnpositivism:nanschoolnofnlegalnthoughtncenterednonnthenassumptionnthatntherenisnnonlawnhigherntha
nnthenlawsncreatednbynannationalngovernment;nlawsnmustnbenobeyed,nevennifntheynarenunjust,ntonpreventn
anarchy.
Legalnrealism:nanschoolnofnlegalnthoughtnthatnholdsnthatnthenlawnisnonlynonenfactorntonbenconsiderednwhe
nndecidingncases,nandnthatnsocialnandneconomicncircumstancesnshouldnalsonbentakennintonaccount.
Legalnreasoning:nthenprocessnofnreasoningnbynwhichnjudgesnharmonizentheirnopinionsnwithnthenjudicia
lnopinionsninnpreviousncases.
Legislativenrules:nadministrativenagencynrulesnthatncarrynthensamenweightnasncongressionallynenacte
dnstatutes.
Liability:nthenstatenofnbeingnlegallynresponsiblen(liable)nfornsomething,nsuchnasnandebtnornobligation.
Majoritynopinion:nancourtnopinionnthatnrepresentsnthenviewsnofnthenmajorityn(morenthannhalf)nofnth
enjudgesnornjusticesndecidingnthencase.
Nationalnlaw:nlawnthatnpertainsntonanparticularnnationn(asnopposedntoninternationalnlaw).
Naturalnlaw:nthenoldestnschoolnofnlegalnthought,nbasednonnthenbeliefnthatnthenlegalnsystemnshouldnreflectnu
niversaln(“higher”)nmoralnandnethicalnprinciplesnthatnareninherentninnhumannnature.
Ordinance:nanregulationnenactednbynancitynorncountynlegislativenbodynthatnbecomesnpartnofnthatnstate’
snstatutorynlaw.
©n2022nCengage.nAllnRightsnReserved.nMaynnotnbenscanned,ncopiednornduplicated,nornpostedntonanpubliclynacces 4
sible
website,ninnwholenorninnpart.
