AIR METHODS PRE-HIRE EXAM 385 (ACTUAL 2025/2026)
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS
ST elevation is associated with
myocardial injury
ST depressions is associated with
ischemia, old infarction, digitalis toxicity
Q wave with ST elevation
acute injury
Q wave with ST depression
indeterminate
hemodynamic readings: hypovolemic
CVP: low , cardiac index: low, PAWP: low, SVR: high
shock index formula
SI=HR/SBP (systolic BP)
,normal shock index
0.5-0.7
steps to determine shock/condition the PT is presenting
1. SVR, 2a.SVR <800 think distributive, 2b. cardiac index: high= septic,
low=neurogenic (brady or normal HR)/ anaphylactic (tachycardia) OR SVR >
1200 (hypovolemic), CVP: low= hypovolemic, high= cardiogenic shock or
RVMI, PCWP: low= RVMI, high= cardiogenic
hemodynamic readings: cardiogenic
CVP: high, Cardiac index: low, PAWP: high, SVR: high
hemodynamic readings: RVI
CVP: high, Cardiac index: low, PAWP: low, CVP: high
hemodynamic readings: septic
cardiac index: high, SVR: low, CVP: low
hemodynamic readings: neruogenic
cardiac index: low w/ normal HR or bradycardia, SVR: low
hemodynamic readings: anaphylactic
,cardiac index: low w/ tachycardia, SVR: low
hemodynamic finding is expected in a PT with RIGHT ventricular MI
elevated CVP
S/S pericarditis
classic sign: friction rub, CP radiating to back, CP relieved by sitting
up/forward, CP worsening when laying flat
treatment of pericarditis & what not to give
O2 administration, NSAIDS (toradol), corticosteroids. do NOT give:
nitroglycerin
S/S of endocarditis
olsers nodes (red painful pads of digits), janeway lesions fat, purpuric, non
painful hands and feet, subconjuctivital hemorrhages (eye roth spots), flu like
symptoms/fever, fatigue/night sweats, CP/SOB
discrepancy between blood pressure values and pulse strength, a loud systolic
murmur, and mediastinal widening on CXR are symptoms of
aortic disruption/ dissection
aortic disruption/dissection should be considered in what kind of trauma
, severe deceleration MVC
s/s of aortic dissection/rupture
tearing/ripping chest pain in hypertensive pts that radiates to the back, systolic
murmur, mediastinal widening, tracheal deviation, localized bulge on aortic
notch
endocarditis triad
fever, heart murmur, anemia
medications for aortic dissection
nipride and beta-blockers
levines sign and its indication
clutching CP, indication: cardiac origin
kernigs sign and its indication
laying flat, flex hip 90 degrees and then attempts to extend lower leg at knee,
indication: meningitis
brudzinski sign and its indication
hip and knee flexing while raising pts head and pushing on chest, indication:
meningitis/subarachnoid hemorrhage
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS
ST elevation is associated with
myocardial injury
ST depressions is associated with
ischemia, old infarction, digitalis toxicity
Q wave with ST elevation
acute injury
Q wave with ST depression
indeterminate
hemodynamic readings: hypovolemic
CVP: low , cardiac index: low, PAWP: low, SVR: high
shock index formula
SI=HR/SBP (systolic BP)
,normal shock index
0.5-0.7
steps to determine shock/condition the PT is presenting
1. SVR, 2a.SVR <800 think distributive, 2b. cardiac index: high= septic,
low=neurogenic (brady or normal HR)/ anaphylactic (tachycardia) OR SVR >
1200 (hypovolemic), CVP: low= hypovolemic, high= cardiogenic shock or
RVMI, PCWP: low= RVMI, high= cardiogenic
hemodynamic readings: cardiogenic
CVP: high, Cardiac index: low, PAWP: high, SVR: high
hemodynamic readings: RVI
CVP: high, Cardiac index: low, PAWP: low, CVP: high
hemodynamic readings: septic
cardiac index: high, SVR: low, CVP: low
hemodynamic readings: neruogenic
cardiac index: low w/ normal HR or bradycardia, SVR: low
hemodynamic readings: anaphylactic
,cardiac index: low w/ tachycardia, SVR: low
hemodynamic finding is expected in a PT with RIGHT ventricular MI
elevated CVP
S/S pericarditis
classic sign: friction rub, CP radiating to back, CP relieved by sitting
up/forward, CP worsening when laying flat
treatment of pericarditis & what not to give
O2 administration, NSAIDS (toradol), corticosteroids. do NOT give:
nitroglycerin
S/S of endocarditis
olsers nodes (red painful pads of digits), janeway lesions fat, purpuric, non
painful hands and feet, subconjuctivital hemorrhages (eye roth spots), flu like
symptoms/fever, fatigue/night sweats, CP/SOB
discrepancy between blood pressure values and pulse strength, a loud systolic
murmur, and mediastinal widening on CXR are symptoms of
aortic disruption/ dissection
aortic disruption/dissection should be considered in what kind of trauma
, severe deceleration MVC
s/s of aortic dissection/rupture
tearing/ripping chest pain in hypertensive pts that radiates to the back, systolic
murmur, mediastinal widening, tracheal deviation, localized bulge on aortic
notch
endocarditis triad
fever, heart murmur, anemia
medications for aortic dissection
nipride and beta-blockers
levines sign and its indication
clutching CP, indication: cardiac origin
kernigs sign and its indication
laying flat, flex hip 90 degrees and then attempts to extend lower leg at knee,
indication: meningitis
brudzinski sign and its indication
hip and knee flexing while raising pts head and pushing on chest, indication:
meningitis/subarachnoid hemorrhage
