COMSAE LEVEL 2 111 EXAM (ACTUAL 2025/2026) 79
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS
prevalence vs incidence
Prevalence - number of cases at a particular time
Incidence - number of new cases
odds ratio vs relative risk
odds ratio: for case control studies control for disease and examine exposure
odds dz+ in exposed group/odds dz+ in unexposed
(a/b)/(c/d)
ratio is not a fraction! so the bottom number is not the total its the unaffected
relative risk: for cohort studies that control for exposures and examine who got
the disease
prob getting dz exposed/prob getting dz unexposed
a/(a+b) / c/(c+d)
,passive ROM normal and active ROM limited in shoulder abduction
rotator cuff tear
when is esophageal manometry used
Diagnose motility disorders like achalasia, diffuse esophageal spasm and prior
to surgery for reflux disease
damage to what lobe causes agraphesthesia
parietal side is determined which side
independent practice association
physician maintain individual or group practice but contract with HMO with a
fee
hmo
A group plan offering prepaid medical care to its members
Psittacosis
zoonotic respiratory fungal infection of birds; AKA parrot fever
tx w/ doxycycline
, What cranial technique helps restore function to CN VII and VIII?
temporal rocking
metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease and risk factors
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
RF: cardiometabolic including Central obesity, prediabetes or T2DM, HTN
>130/85 or taking antihypertensives, triglyceridemia, low HDL, or taking lipid
lowering agent
typically mor ALT than AST
hip click in 6 week old. Next step?
US of hip
observer bias
when results are affected by the investigators awareness of the exposure status
ex: PI knows which pts in ICU are on new regimen
What limits generalizability
selection bias
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS
prevalence vs incidence
Prevalence - number of cases at a particular time
Incidence - number of new cases
odds ratio vs relative risk
odds ratio: for case control studies control for disease and examine exposure
odds dz+ in exposed group/odds dz+ in unexposed
(a/b)/(c/d)
ratio is not a fraction! so the bottom number is not the total its the unaffected
relative risk: for cohort studies that control for exposures and examine who got
the disease
prob getting dz exposed/prob getting dz unexposed
a/(a+b) / c/(c+d)
,passive ROM normal and active ROM limited in shoulder abduction
rotator cuff tear
when is esophageal manometry used
Diagnose motility disorders like achalasia, diffuse esophageal spasm and prior
to surgery for reflux disease
damage to what lobe causes agraphesthesia
parietal side is determined which side
independent practice association
physician maintain individual or group practice but contract with HMO with a
fee
hmo
A group plan offering prepaid medical care to its members
Psittacosis
zoonotic respiratory fungal infection of birds; AKA parrot fever
tx w/ doxycycline
, What cranial technique helps restore function to CN VII and VIII?
temporal rocking
metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease and risk factors
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
RF: cardiometabolic including Central obesity, prediabetes or T2DM, HTN
>130/85 or taking antihypertensives, triglyceridemia, low HDL, or taking lipid
lowering agent
typically mor ALT than AST
hip click in 6 week old. Next step?
US of hip
observer bias
when results are affected by the investigators awareness of the exposure status
ex: PI knows which pts in ICU are on new regimen
What limits generalizability
selection bias
