NUR 514 Final Exam Study Guide Questions With
Complete Solutions
12 lead EKG, CXR, CT, MRI, US Correct Answers Common
diagnostic tests. EKG (electrocardiogram) records the heart's
electrical activity. CXR (chest x-ray) images the chest and
lungs. CT (computed tomography) scan combines x-rays for
detailed images. MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) uses
magnets and radio waves to create detailed images. US
(ultrasound) uses sound waves to create images.
Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (ADHF) Correct Answers
A sudden worsening of the symptoms of heart failure, which can
include fluid buildup (causing edema and shortness of breath)
and reduced blood flow to the organs.
acute v chronic; breakthrough & cancer Correct Answers Acute
pain is sudden and short-term, chronic pain lasts beyond normal
healing time. Breakthrough pain is a temporary flare-up of
moderate to severe pain that occurs even when the patient is
taking around-the-clock medication for persistent pain. Cancer
pain can be acute or chronic, depending on the stage and spread
of the disease.
Alert & Oriented, Mental status exam Correct Answers A&O is
a brief check of mental status, looking at level of consciousness
and awareness of person, place, and time. A mental status exam
is a more detailed evaluation of cognitive function, including
appearance, behavior, cognitive abilities, and mood.
,ascites Correct Answers Ascites is the accumulation of fluid in
the peritoneal cavity, commonly due to liver disease like
cirrhosis. This buildup of fluid can lead to abdominal distension,
discomfort, and respiratory compromise.
Asepsis: hand hygiene, medical & surgical asepsis Correct
Answers Asepsis involves all activities to prevent infection or
break the chain of infection. Hand hygiene is the most important
measure. Medical asepsis (clean technique) includes procedures
to reduce the number and transmission of pathogens. Surgical
asepsis (sterile technique) includes procedures to eliminate all
microorganisms from an area.
Assess: P-wave, T-wave, ST-segment Correct Answers P-wave
represents atrial depolarization. T-wave represents ventricular
repolarization. ST-segment represents the period between
ventricular depolarization and repolarization. Changes in these
parts of the EKG can indicate heart disease or damage.
Assessment Correct Answers Cues recognition stage in nursing
process, involving gathering both subjective (what the patient
tells you) & objective (what you observe and measure) data to
understand the patient's health status.
Assessment: PQRSTU Correct Answers Acronym used for
assessing pain: Provocation/Palliation (what brings it on/what
makes it better); Quality/Quantity (how it feels/how intense);
Region/Radiation (where is it/does it spread); Severity (scale of
0-10); Timing (onset/duration/frequency); Understanding (why
do you think its happening).
, Assessment: Subjective & Objective findings Correct Answers
Assessment of cognitive and
perceptual functions involves both subjective (what the patient
or their caregivers report) and objective (what the healthcare
provider observes and measures) findings.
Cancer risk factors Correct Answers Includes genetic
predisposition, lifestyle factors like smoking, poor diet, lack of
exercise, exposure to carcinogens.
Cause & clinical manifestations Correct Answers Assessment
of underlying causes like smoking, pollution, infection, and
manifestations such as chronic cough, sputum production,
dyspnea.
Cause & clinical manifestations Correct Answers Blockage of
pulmonary arteries, obstructing alveolar perfusion.
Cause & clinical manifestations Correct Answers Formation of
thrombus in a vein due to venous stasis, endothelial damage,
hypercoagulability *Virchow's Triad*.
Cause, clinical manifestations, risk factors & management
Correct Answers Causes, signs, and risk factors for fluid
imbalances vary. Management includes treating the underlying
cause, replacing or removing fluids as needed, and monitoring
vital signs and symptoms.
causes Correct Answers Genetic mutations, environmental
exposure, lifestyle choices, family history.
Complete Solutions
12 lead EKG, CXR, CT, MRI, US Correct Answers Common
diagnostic tests. EKG (electrocardiogram) records the heart's
electrical activity. CXR (chest x-ray) images the chest and
lungs. CT (computed tomography) scan combines x-rays for
detailed images. MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) uses
magnets and radio waves to create detailed images. US
(ultrasound) uses sound waves to create images.
Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (ADHF) Correct Answers
A sudden worsening of the symptoms of heart failure, which can
include fluid buildup (causing edema and shortness of breath)
and reduced blood flow to the organs.
acute v chronic; breakthrough & cancer Correct Answers Acute
pain is sudden and short-term, chronic pain lasts beyond normal
healing time. Breakthrough pain is a temporary flare-up of
moderate to severe pain that occurs even when the patient is
taking around-the-clock medication for persistent pain. Cancer
pain can be acute or chronic, depending on the stage and spread
of the disease.
Alert & Oriented, Mental status exam Correct Answers A&O is
a brief check of mental status, looking at level of consciousness
and awareness of person, place, and time. A mental status exam
is a more detailed evaluation of cognitive function, including
appearance, behavior, cognitive abilities, and mood.
,ascites Correct Answers Ascites is the accumulation of fluid in
the peritoneal cavity, commonly due to liver disease like
cirrhosis. This buildup of fluid can lead to abdominal distension,
discomfort, and respiratory compromise.
Asepsis: hand hygiene, medical & surgical asepsis Correct
Answers Asepsis involves all activities to prevent infection or
break the chain of infection. Hand hygiene is the most important
measure. Medical asepsis (clean technique) includes procedures
to reduce the number and transmission of pathogens. Surgical
asepsis (sterile technique) includes procedures to eliminate all
microorganisms from an area.
Assess: P-wave, T-wave, ST-segment Correct Answers P-wave
represents atrial depolarization. T-wave represents ventricular
repolarization. ST-segment represents the period between
ventricular depolarization and repolarization. Changes in these
parts of the EKG can indicate heart disease or damage.
Assessment Correct Answers Cues recognition stage in nursing
process, involving gathering both subjective (what the patient
tells you) & objective (what you observe and measure) data to
understand the patient's health status.
Assessment: PQRSTU Correct Answers Acronym used for
assessing pain: Provocation/Palliation (what brings it on/what
makes it better); Quality/Quantity (how it feels/how intense);
Region/Radiation (where is it/does it spread); Severity (scale of
0-10); Timing (onset/duration/frequency); Understanding (why
do you think its happening).
, Assessment: Subjective & Objective findings Correct Answers
Assessment of cognitive and
perceptual functions involves both subjective (what the patient
or their caregivers report) and objective (what the healthcare
provider observes and measures) findings.
Cancer risk factors Correct Answers Includes genetic
predisposition, lifestyle factors like smoking, poor diet, lack of
exercise, exposure to carcinogens.
Cause & clinical manifestations Correct Answers Assessment
of underlying causes like smoking, pollution, infection, and
manifestations such as chronic cough, sputum production,
dyspnea.
Cause & clinical manifestations Correct Answers Blockage of
pulmonary arteries, obstructing alveolar perfusion.
Cause & clinical manifestations Correct Answers Formation of
thrombus in a vein due to venous stasis, endothelial damage,
hypercoagulability *Virchow's Triad*.
Cause, clinical manifestations, risk factors & management
Correct Answers Causes, signs, and risk factors for fluid
imbalances vary. Management includes treating the underlying
cause, replacing or removing fluids as needed, and monitoring
vital signs and symptoms.
causes Correct Answers Genetic mutations, environmental
exposure, lifestyle choices, family history.
