A QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS APPROACH TO A+ IN HESI ADULT HEALTH PRACTICE EXAM.

A QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS APPROACH TO A+ IN HESI ADULT HEALTH PRACTICE EXAM. ARDs an unexpected, catastrophic pulmonary complication occurring in a person with no previous pulmonary problems. The mortality rate is high (50%) interventions to prevent complications of clients on mechanical ventilation with ARDs elevate the head of the bed 30 deg assist with daily awakening oral hygiene program mobilization program increased risk and mortality rate from ARDs in individuals who have a history of alcohol abuse only when secretions are present suction before drawing a sample for ABGs from the radial artery, perform the Allen Test Allen Test ensures collateral circulation to the hand if thrombosis of the radial artery should follow the puncture make the client's hand blanch by obliterating both the radial and ulnar pulses; then release the pressure over the ulnar artery only; if flow thru the ulnar artery is good, flushing will be seen immediately; the test is then positive; therefore, the radial artery can be used for puncture; if negative, repeat on the other arm early signs of shock agitation and restlessness resulting from cerebral hypoxia hypovolemic shock loss of fluid or blood internally or externally cariogenic shock damaged heart anaphylactic shock reaction to allergen neurogenic shock spinal cord injury to descending sympathetic pathways septic shock endotoxins from bacteria obstructive shock physical obstruction early consequences of shock tachycardia, hypotension, weakened peripheral pulses, restlessness, agitation, confusion, pale and clammy skin, decreased urine output severe consequences of shock organ dysfunction, renal failure, pleural effusion, respiratory distress, renal failure, death mean arterial pressure level of pressure in the central arterial bed measured indirectly by BP measurement cardiac output x total peripheral resistance cardiac output volume of blood ejected by left ventricle per unti of time stroke volume x heart rate peripheral resistance resistance to blood flow offered by the vessels in the peripheral vascular bed central venous pressure pressure within the right atrium acute hemolytic transfusion reaction chills, fever, low back pain, flushing, tachycardia, hypotension, shock, cardiac arrest stop transfusion, change tubing, infuse normal saline febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reaction sudden chills and fever, headaches, flushing anxiety, and muscle pain give antipyretics mild allergic transfusion reaction flushing, itching, urticaria give antihistamine anaphylactic and severe allergic transfusion reaction anxiety, urticaria, wheezing, progressive chaynosis stop transfusion and initiate CPR circulatory overload transfusion reaction cough, dyspnea, pulmonary congestion, headache, hypertension place pt in upright position with feet in dependent position and administer diuretics, oxygen, morphine; slow IV rate sepsis transfusion reaction rapid onset of chills, high fever, vomiting, marked hypotension, or shock ensure patent airway, obtain blood for culture, administer prescribed antibiotics, take vitals every five minutes until stable run blood products with saline solutions only blood should be administered as soon as it is brought to the client clinical manifestations of DIC crisis bleeding from incision, short of breath, weak and thready pulse, cold and clammy skin, and hematuria shock widespread, serious reduction of tissue perfusion, which leads to generalized impairment of cellular function what is the most common cause of shock hypovolemia what is the goal of treatment in hypovolemic shock quick restoration of cardiac output and tissue perfusion assessment findings common in shock victims tachycardia, tachypnea, hypotension, cool and clammy skin, decrease in urinary output DIC coagulation disorder in which there is paradoxial thrombosis and hemorrhage what drug is used in the treatment of DIC heparin prevent injury in clients with DIC gently provide oral care with mouth swabs; minimize needle sticks and use smallest gague; eliminate pressure by turning frequently; minimize BP measurements per day; use gentle suction; apply pressure to oozing site when to seek medical attention with cardiopulmonary arrest if chest pain does not go away immediately with rest of is not relieved in 5 minutes after taking nitroglycerin tablets or if additional symptoms such as nausea and sweating are also present with chest pain CAB chest compressions, airway, breathing high quality chest compressions the chest of adults is compressed at a rate of at least 100 compressions per minute at a depth of 2 inches or 5 cm serum osmolality 275-300 measures the concentration of particles in a solution dehydration state in which body loses water and serum sodium levels increase water intoxication state in which body retains water and serum sodium levels decrease