LATEST IICRS FSRT EXAM STUDY GUIDE VERSION: AN A+
DISCUSSION.
Water and ammonia interact to form hydrogen bonds, as represented in the
figure.
B
The nitrogen has a partial negative charge, and the hydrogen attached to the oxygen
has a partial positive charge.
DNA and RNA are nucleic acids that can store biological information based on
the sequence of their nucleotide monomers. Figure 1 shows a short segment of
each of the two types of nucleic acids.
Which of the following best describes a structural difference between DNA and
RNA?
B
The backbone of DNADNA contains deoxyribose, whereas the backbone of RNARNA
contains ribose.
Which of the following is most directly responsible for water's unique properties?
It forms hydrogen bonds.
Which of the following best describes the structures of carbohydrates?
They occur as monomers, chains of monomers, and branched structures.
The molecular structures of linoleic acid and palmitic acid, two naturally
occurring substances, are shown in the figure.
Based on the molecular structures shown in the figure, which molecule is likely
to be solid at room temperature?
Palmitic acid, because the absence of carbon-carbon double bonds allows the
molecules to pack closely together.
Both myoglobin and hemoglobin are proteins that bind reversibly with molecular
oxygen. The graph below shows the oxygen-binding saturation of each protein at
different concentrations of oxygen.
At 40 mm Hg partial pressure, myoglobin has a greater affinity for oxygen than
hemoglobin has.
,The carbohydrates glucose, galactose, and fructose have the same chemical
formula (C6H12O6) but different structural formulas, as represented in the figure.
C
The carbohydrates have different properties because they have different arrangements
of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms.
The figure shows a model of the exchange of matter between the organisms that
live together in an aquarium. The model includes matter exchange between
plants, fish, and bacteria. The bacteria are represented as rod-shaped organisms
living in the gravel at the bottom of the aquarium.
D
The ammonia molecules released by the fish are converted by the bacteria to nitrates,
which are used by the plants to make proteins and nucleic acids.
Which of the following statements best describes how organisms such as rabbits
obtain the carbon necessary for building biological molecules?
Rabbits eat plants and break down plant molecules to obtain carbon and other atoms
that they rearrange into new carbon-containing molecules.
The CFTR protein is made up of 1,480 amino acids linked together in a chain.
Some humans produce a version of the CFTRprotein in which phenylalanine (an
amino acid) has been deleted from position 508 of the amino acid chain.
Which of the following best predicts how the amino acid deletion will affect the
structure of the CFTR protein?
It affects primary, secondary, and tertiary structures of the CFTRCFTR protein.
Researchers compared similar proteins from related organisms in different
habitats. They found that the proteins from organisms living in harsh
environments had a greater number of cysteine amino acids than did proteins
from organisms not living in harsh environments. The structure of cysteine is
shown. Bonds can form between the sulfur atom of different cysteine amino acids
(S-Sbonds).
Figure 1. Chemical structure of cysteine
Which of the following best describes the effect of a greater number of cysteine
amino acids on the stability of the proteins?
, The change leads to increased protein stability because of an increased number of S-
SS-S bonds in the tertiary structure of the proteins.
Which of the following correctly illustrates a dipeptide and an amino acid in the
optimal position to form a tripeptide?
The one with a O, OH bonds next to another with a H bond that are close together
Based on Figure 1, which of the following best describes how the properties of
water at an air-water interface enable an insect to walk on the water's surface?
D
Hydrogen bonds between molecules at the surface of the water provide surface tension,
which allows the water surface to deform but not break under the insect.
Which of the following best describes the formation of the bond shown in Figure
1 ? (Two carbohydrates making alonger carb)
A covalent bond is formed between a carbon atom and a nitrogen atom along with the
formation of H2OH2O .
A feature of organic compounds NOT found in inorganic compounds is the
presence of
carbon atoms covalently bonded to each other
Which of the following conclusions is most clearly supported by the
representations of nucleic acid #1 and nucleic acid #2 ?
Nucleic acid #1#1 contains adenine-thymine base pairs, whereas nucleic acid #2#2
does not.
Which statement is the most accurate description of the reaction shown in Figure
1?
D
It represents a polypeptide chain that is broken down through a hydrolysis reaction.
Which of the following characteristics of Figure 1 best shows that the fragment is
RNA and not DNA?
The identity of each nitrogenous base
Which of the following is an accurate description of the process shown in Figure
1 ?( same as 14)
DISCUSSION.
Water and ammonia interact to form hydrogen bonds, as represented in the
figure.
B
The nitrogen has a partial negative charge, and the hydrogen attached to the oxygen
has a partial positive charge.
DNA and RNA are nucleic acids that can store biological information based on
the sequence of their nucleotide monomers. Figure 1 shows a short segment of
each of the two types of nucleic acids.
Which of the following best describes a structural difference between DNA and
RNA?
B
The backbone of DNADNA contains deoxyribose, whereas the backbone of RNARNA
contains ribose.
Which of the following is most directly responsible for water's unique properties?
It forms hydrogen bonds.
Which of the following best describes the structures of carbohydrates?
They occur as monomers, chains of monomers, and branched structures.
The molecular structures of linoleic acid and palmitic acid, two naturally
occurring substances, are shown in the figure.
Based on the molecular structures shown in the figure, which molecule is likely
to be solid at room temperature?
Palmitic acid, because the absence of carbon-carbon double bonds allows the
molecules to pack closely together.
Both myoglobin and hemoglobin are proteins that bind reversibly with molecular
oxygen. The graph below shows the oxygen-binding saturation of each protein at
different concentrations of oxygen.
At 40 mm Hg partial pressure, myoglobin has a greater affinity for oxygen than
hemoglobin has.
,The carbohydrates glucose, galactose, and fructose have the same chemical
formula (C6H12O6) but different structural formulas, as represented in the figure.
C
The carbohydrates have different properties because they have different arrangements
of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms.
The figure shows a model of the exchange of matter between the organisms that
live together in an aquarium. The model includes matter exchange between
plants, fish, and bacteria. The bacteria are represented as rod-shaped organisms
living in the gravel at the bottom of the aquarium.
D
The ammonia molecules released by the fish are converted by the bacteria to nitrates,
which are used by the plants to make proteins and nucleic acids.
Which of the following statements best describes how organisms such as rabbits
obtain the carbon necessary for building biological molecules?
Rabbits eat plants and break down plant molecules to obtain carbon and other atoms
that they rearrange into new carbon-containing molecules.
The CFTR protein is made up of 1,480 amino acids linked together in a chain.
Some humans produce a version of the CFTRprotein in which phenylalanine (an
amino acid) has been deleted from position 508 of the amino acid chain.
Which of the following best predicts how the amino acid deletion will affect the
structure of the CFTR protein?
It affects primary, secondary, and tertiary structures of the CFTRCFTR protein.
Researchers compared similar proteins from related organisms in different
habitats. They found that the proteins from organisms living in harsh
environments had a greater number of cysteine amino acids than did proteins
from organisms not living in harsh environments. The structure of cysteine is
shown. Bonds can form between the sulfur atom of different cysteine amino acids
(S-Sbonds).
Figure 1. Chemical structure of cysteine
Which of the following best describes the effect of a greater number of cysteine
amino acids on the stability of the proteins?
, The change leads to increased protein stability because of an increased number of S-
SS-S bonds in the tertiary structure of the proteins.
Which of the following correctly illustrates a dipeptide and an amino acid in the
optimal position to form a tripeptide?
The one with a O, OH bonds next to another with a H bond that are close together
Based on Figure 1, which of the following best describes how the properties of
water at an air-water interface enable an insect to walk on the water's surface?
D
Hydrogen bonds between molecules at the surface of the water provide surface tension,
which allows the water surface to deform but not break under the insect.
Which of the following best describes the formation of the bond shown in Figure
1 ? (Two carbohydrates making alonger carb)
A covalent bond is formed between a carbon atom and a nitrogen atom along with the
formation of H2OH2O .
A feature of organic compounds NOT found in inorganic compounds is the
presence of
carbon atoms covalently bonded to each other
Which of the following conclusions is most clearly supported by the
representations of nucleic acid #1 and nucleic acid #2 ?
Nucleic acid #1#1 contains adenine-thymine base pairs, whereas nucleic acid #2#2
does not.
Which statement is the most accurate description of the reaction shown in Figure
1?
D
It represents a polypeptide chain that is broken down through a hydrolysis reaction.
Which of the following characteristics of Figure 1 best shows that the fragment is
RNA and not DNA?
The identity of each nitrogenous base
Which of the following is an accurate description of the process shown in Figure
1 ?( same as 14)
