APEA- PHARM CARDIOVASCULAR
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2025
GRADED A+, Exams of Pharmacology
The side effect profile of angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) is
similar to the side effects of:
angiotensin-converting enzymes (ACE) inhibitors.
beta-blockers.
calcium channel blockers.
pressors. - ANSWER >>>>>angiotensin-converting enzymes (ACE)
inhibitors.
Isosorbide dinitrate (Isordil) is indicated for the treatment of:
acute angina.
chronic angina.
myocardial infarction.
esophageal spasm. - ANSWER >>>>>chronic angina.
Isosorbide dinitrate (Isordil) titradose tablets are indicated for the
prevention of angina pectoris due to coronary artery disease. The
onset of action of immediate-release oral isosorbide dinitrate is not
,sufficiently rapid for this product to be useful in aborting an acute
anginal episode. Therefore, it is not indicated in the treatment of
acute angina and myocardial infarction. The treatment of
esophageal spasms disorders is an off-label use.
Non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers (i.e. verapamil) may
be safely used in patients with:
heart failure.
bradycardia.
second-degree AV block.
chronic stable angina. - ANSWER >>>>>chronic stable angina.
Non-dihydropyridine CCBs (non-DHP CCB; i.e. verapamil [Calan] and
diltiazem [Cardizem]) have negative chronotropic and inotropic
effects. Therefore, they slow down heart rate and decrease force of
ventricular contractions. Non-DHP CCBs are contraindicated in
patients with heart failure who have reduced ejection fraction, sick
sinus syndrome, and second- or third-degree atrioventricular block.
Since non-DHP CCBs increase myocardial blood flow by dilating
coronary arteries, they are beneficial in patients with chronic stable
angina.
Patients who are started on olmesartan (Benicar) should be advised
to report:
bladder spasms and dysuria.
constipation and weakness.
diarrhea and weight loss.
, metallic taste and easy bruising. - ANSWER >>>>>diarrhea and
weight loss.
Patients should be advised to report persistent chronic diarrhea
and weight loss while taking olmesartan medoxomil (Benicar). This
drug can produce a sprue-like enteropathy characterized by severe
chronic diarrhea and weight loss occurring months to years after
initiation of the drug. Benicar is an angiotensin receptor blocker
(ARB). Once other etiologies have been excluded, discontinue
Benicar and consider an alternative hypertension treatment.
The medication that produces vasodilation and thus lowers blood
pressure by inhibiting the formation of angiotensin II is:
amlodipine (Norvasc).
losartan (Cozaar).
enalapril (Vasotec).
metoprolol (Lopressor). - ANSWER >>>>>enalapril (Vasotec).
Amlodipine (Norvasc) is a calcium channel blocker, losartan
(Cozaar) is an angiotensin II receptor blocker, and metoprolol
(Lopressor) is a beta-blocker.
Dabigatran (Pradaxa), an anticoagulant, is also classified as a:
direct factor Xa inhibitor.
direct thrombin inhibitor.
indirect thrombin inhibitor.
factor V inhibitor. - ANSWER >>>>>direct thrombin inhibitor.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2025
GRADED A+, Exams of Pharmacology
The side effect profile of angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) is
similar to the side effects of:
angiotensin-converting enzymes (ACE) inhibitors.
beta-blockers.
calcium channel blockers.
pressors. - ANSWER >>>>>angiotensin-converting enzymes (ACE)
inhibitors.
Isosorbide dinitrate (Isordil) is indicated for the treatment of:
acute angina.
chronic angina.
myocardial infarction.
esophageal spasm. - ANSWER >>>>>chronic angina.
Isosorbide dinitrate (Isordil) titradose tablets are indicated for the
prevention of angina pectoris due to coronary artery disease. The
onset of action of immediate-release oral isosorbide dinitrate is not
,sufficiently rapid for this product to be useful in aborting an acute
anginal episode. Therefore, it is not indicated in the treatment of
acute angina and myocardial infarction. The treatment of
esophageal spasms disorders is an off-label use.
Non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers (i.e. verapamil) may
be safely used in patients with:
heart failure.
bradycardia.
second-degree AV block.
chronic stable angina. - ANSWER >>>>>chronic stable angina.
Non-dihydropyridine CCBs (non-DHP CCB; i.e. verapamil [Calan] and
diltiazem [Cardizem]) have negative chronotropic and inotropic
effects. Therefore, they slow down heart rate and decrease force of
ventricular contractions. Non-DHP CCBs are contraindicated in
patients with heart failure who have reduced ejection fraction, sick
sinus syndrome, and second- or third-degree atrioventricular block.
Since non-DHP CCBs increase myocardial blood flow by dilating
coronary arteries, they are beneficial in patients with chronic stable
angina.
Patients who are started on olmesartan (Benicar) should be advised
to report:
bladder spasms and dysuria.
constipation and weakness.
diarrhea and weight loss.
, metallic taste and easy bruising. - ANSWER >>>>>diarrhea and
weight loss.
Patients should be advised to report persistent chronic diarrhea
and weight loss while taking olmesartan medoxomil (Benicar). This
drug can produce a sprue-like enteropathy characterized by severe
chronic diarrhea and weight loss occurring months to years after
initiation of the drug. Benicar is an angiotensin receptor blocker
(ARB). Once other etiologies have been excluded, discontinue
Benicar and consider an alternative hypertension treatment.
The medication that produces vasodilation and thus lowers blood
pressure by inhibiting the formation of angiotensin II is:
amlodipine (Norvasc).
losartan (Cozaar).
enalapril (Vasotec).
metoprolol (Lopressor). - ANSWER >>>>>enalapril (Vasotec).
Amlodipine (Norvasc) is a calcium channel blocker, losartan
(Cozaar) is an angiotensin II receptor blocker, and metoprolol
(Lopressor) is a beta-blocker.
Dabigatran (Pradaxa), an anticoagulant, is also classified as a:
direct factor Xa inhibitor.
direct thrombin inhibitor.
indirect thrombin inhibitor.
factor V inhibitor. - ANSWER >>>>>direct thrombin inhibitor.
