ATI MED SURG EXAM: ACHIEVE A+ WITH COMPREHENSIVE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS.

ATI MED SURG EXAM: ACHIEVE A+ WITH COMPREHENSIVE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS. normal sinus rhythm ECG A. PR interval length B. QRS length C. QT interval A. 0.12-0.20 seconds B. 0.08-0.12 seconds C. 0.35-0.43 seconds A-flutter rapid regular atrial depolarization that produces sawtooth ECG pattern treatment: CCB/BB to reduce HR anticoagulant ibutalide (dysrhythmic for A-flutter) cardioversion radiofrequency catheter ablation (destruction of tiny parts of heart that produce extra conduction) when to treat bradycardia (HR less than 60) only if pt is symptomatic meds that treat bradycardia (2) atropine isoproterenol non-med management for bradycardia pacemaker meds that manage A-fib, SVT, and V-tach w/ pulse (3) amiodarone adenosine verapamil non-med management for A-fib, SVT, and V-tach w/ pulse synchronized cardioversion meds that manage V-fib and V-tach without pulse (3) amiodarone lidocaine epinephrine non-med management for V-fib and V-tach without pulse defibrillation what should be done if pt loses pulse during synchronized cardioversion immediately begin unsynchronized defibrillation synchronized cardioversion function delivers counter-shock to the heart synchronized to QRS complex used for A-fib, SVT, and V-tach w/ pulse defibrillation function deliver unsynchronized counter-shock to the heart, stopping all electrical activity so SA node can reestablish rhythm used for V-fib and V-tach without pulse premature ventricular contraction (PVC) ECG wide QRS complex and no P waves--ventricles contract before atria hyperkalemia ECG changes (4) tall T-wave flat P-wave prolonged PR interval prolonged QRS complex prolonged QT can put pt at risk for developing... torsades de pointes (life threatening) torsades de pointes ECG rapid irregular QRS complexes which change in axis (life threatening) pericardial effusion/cardiac tamponade ECG low voltage (muffled heart sounds) types of AV blocks (4) first degree second degree type I (wencklebach) second degree type II (mobitz) third degree (complete) first degree heart block ECG conduction delay at AV node which causes long PR interval "with a first degree, PR may be close to 0.3!" second degree heart block (type I) ECG aka wenckebach block progressive PR elongation then missing QRS complex "longer, longer, longer, DROP, now you have a wencklebach" second degree heart block (type II) ECG aka mobitz type II block every few beats entire beat goes missing without any change in PR interval "everything normal, then the beat goes shooo, mobitz type II" third degree heart block no atrial impulses are transmitted to the ventricles--atria and ventricles beat independently depressed or inverted T waves indicate.. tissue ischemia cause of endocarditis infection/inflammation of endocardium mechanical heart valve replacement rheumatic fever dental procedures IV drug use immunosuppression function of IVC filter trap blood clots so they don't reach heart or lungs and cause problems1 corrigan's pulse a strong bounding pulse that suddenly collapses--associated with aortic regurgitation Graves disease autoimmune disease that often causes hyperthyroidism SIADH excessive release of ADH (vasopressin) that results in hypervolemia and dilutional hyponatremia Diabetes Insipitus ADH deficiency that results in excessive thirst and excretion of severely dilute urine Effect of fluid reduction on urine concentration for pts with diabetes insipitus no effect diabetes insipitus lab values (2) hypernatremia (from dehydration) low urine specific gravity what is a verrucae skin tumor aka? plantar warts--can be treated with duct tape occlusion DKA life threatening complication from high blood glucose (usually from lack of insulin) common in type 1 diabetics DKA symptoms fruity breath confusion/loss of consciousness vomiting, abdominal pain weakness