UNLOCKING ATI PHARMACOLOGY PROCTORED EXAM: KEY
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS FOR A+ SUCCESS
Anticholinergic effects
dry mouth
constipation
photophobia
blurred vision
Tachycardia
Fluphenazine (what is it, how does it work)
high potency typical antipsychotic
Block dopamine (D2), acetylcholine, histamine, and norepinephrine receptors in the
brain and periphery.
Inhibition of psychotic manifestations, believed to be a result of D2 blockade in the
brain.
A nurse is providing teaching with a client, who has schizophrenia, about
strategies to minimize the anticholinergic effects of fluphenazine. Which of the
following instructions should the nurse suggest for the client?
Chew sugarless gum to moisten the mouth.
When taking action, the nurse should instruct the client who is taking fluphenazine and
is experiencing anticholinergic effects to chew sugarless gum. This instruction would
provide moisture to the client's mouth and decrease the severity of dry mouth which is
an anticholinergic adverse effect.
Gentamicin
Gentamicin is a narrow-spectrum aminoglycoside antibiotic prescribed to treat serious
infections caused by aerobic bacilli
Complications of Gentamicin
Gentamicin can injure cells of the proximal renal tubules.
Naproxen and other NSAIDs can cause renal insufficiency.
,The glomerular filtration rate of the kidneys decreases with advanced age, making this
client at increased risk for nephrotoxicity.
What lab values should a nurse monitor for a patient taking Gentamicin?
BUN
Blood creatinine
Peak and trough levels of gentamicin
Specific gravity of urine
Urinalysis
BUN
blood urea nitrogen
Nursing actions for a client taking gentamicin
Monitor intake and output.
Notify the provider of low urinary output.
Ensure that the client is adequately hydrated and monitor for fluid overload.
Assess for manifestations of ototoxicity.
A nurse is preparing a client's medications. The nurse is responsible for gaining
and maintaining knowledge about which of the following medication information?
Adverse Effects
Mechanism of Action
Contraindications
Use knowledge of the therapeutic effect and common adverse effects of medications to
compare expected outcomes with actual findings
total parenteral nutrition (TPN)
nutrient-complete solution given directly into bloodstream when person cannot eat by
mouth
A nurse is preparing to complete an incident report for a medication error. What
information (4 things) should the nurse include in the report?
Time of the incident
who was notified of the incident
, actions taken following the incident
client identification
Adverse effects of oxybutynin
Anticholinergic effects
(dry mouth, eyes,)
blurred vision
Hypotension
peripheral edema
QT interval prolongation
adverse effects of fentanyl patches
Respiratory Depression
Hypotension
Constipation
Nausea or Vomiting
Clients who use fentanyl patches will likely need to take what on a daily basis?
Take a stool softener on a daily basis. Constipation is an adverse effect of opioid use
and stool softeners can decrease the severity
Adverse effects of haloperidol
extrapyrimidal symptoms
extrapyramidal symptoms
involuntary fine motor tremors, rigidity, uncontrollable retlessness, dystonia,
pseudoparkinsonism, and akathisia
When using dopamine to treat heart failure, what are signs to watch indicating the
medication is effective
Dopamine is an adrenergic that causes a receptor specificity effect, which increases
cardiac output and improves perfusion. You might notice increased urine output as well
Adverse effects of Hydrochlorothiazide
Dizziness, vertigo, orthostatic hypotension, nausea, anorexia, vomiting, dry mouth,
diarrhea, polyuria, nocturia, muscle cramps, or spasms. (think: LOWERS BP)
A nurse is preparing to administer hydrochlorothiazide to a client actions should
the nurse take prior to administering this medication
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS FOR A+ SUCCESS
Anticholinergic effects
dry mouth
constipation
photophobia
blurred vision
Tachycardia
Fluphenazine (what is it, how does it work)
high potency typical antipsychotic
Block dopamine (D2), acetylcholine, histamine, and norepinephrine receptors in the
brain and periphery.
Inhibition of psychotic manifestations, believed to be a result of D2 blockade in the
brain.
A nurse is providing teaching with a client, who has schizophrenia, about
strategies to minimize the anticholinergic effects of fluphenazine. Which of the
following instructions should the nurse suggest for the client?
Chew sugarless gum to moisten the mouth.
When taking action, the nurse should instruct the client who is taking fluphenazine and
is experiencing anticholinergic effects to chew sugarless gum. This instruction would
provide moisture to the client's mouth and decrease the severity of dry mouth which is
an anticholinergic adverse effect.
Gentamicin
Gentamicin is a narrow-spectrum aminoglycoside antibiotic prescribed to treat serious
infections caused by aerobic bacilli
Complications of Gentamicin
Gentamicin can injure cells of the proximal renal tubules.
Naproxen and other NSAIDs can cause renal insufficiency.
,The glomerular filtration rate of the kidneys decreases with advanced age, making this
client at increased risk for nephrotoxicity.
What lab values should a nurse monitor for a patient taking Gentamicin?
BUN
Blood creatinine
Peak and trough levels of gentamicin
Specific gravity of urine
Urinalysis
BUN
blood urea nitrogen
Nursing actions for a client taking gentamicin
Monitor intake and output.
Notify the provider of low urinary output.
Ensure that the client is adequately hydrated and monitor for fluid overload.
Assess for manifestations of ototoxicity.
A nurse is preparing a client's medications. The nurse is responsible for gaining
and maintaining knowledge about which of the following medication information?
Adverse Effects
Mechanism of Action
Contraindications
Use knowledge of the therapeutic effect and common adverse effects of medications to
compare expected outcomes with actual findings
total parenteral nutrition (TPN)
nutrient-complete solution given directly into bloodstream when person cannot eat by
mouth
A nurse is preparing to complete an incident report for a medication error. What
information (4 things) should the nurse include in the report?
Time of the incident
who was notified of the incident
, actions taken following the incident
client identification
Adverse effects of oxybutynin
Anticholinergic effects
(dry mouth, eyes,)
blurred vision
Hypotension
peripheral edema
QT interval prolongation
adverse effects of fentanyl patches
Respiratory Depression
Hypotension
Constipation
Nausea or Vomiting
Clients who use fentanyl patches will likely need to take what on a daily basis?
Take a stool softener on a daily basis. Constipation is an adverse effect of opioid use
and stool softeners can decrease the severity
Adverse effects of haloperidol
extrapyrimidal symptoms
extrapyramidal symptoms
involuntary fine motor tremors, rigidity, uncontrollable retlessness, dystonia,
pseudoparkinsonism, and akathisia
When using dopamine to treat heart failure, what are signs to watch indicating the
medication is effective
Dopamine is an adrenergic that causes a receptor specificity effect, which increases
cardiac output and improves perfusion. You might notice increased urine output as well
Adverse effects of Hydrochlorothiazide
Dizziness, vertigo, orthostatic hypotension, nausea, anorexia, vomiting, dry mouth,
diarrhea, polyuria, nocturia, muscle cramps, or spasms. (think: LOWERS BP)
A nurse is preparing to administer hydrochlorothiazide to a client actions should
the nurse take prior to administering this medication
