ATI-INFECTION PME QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Antibacterials: Drugs that Interfere with Cell Wall Synthesis - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅✅Penicillins
Cephalosporins
Beta lactams
Other
Penicillins: Uses - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Treats broad-spectrum infections (ear and
throat, urinary tract)
Amoxicillin: treats gonorrhea
Addition of clavulanic acid increases spectrum of disorders (allows amoxicillin to kill bacteria)
Penicillins Prototype: - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Prototype drug:
Amoxicillin (Amoxil)
Amoxicillin and clavulanic acid (Augmentin)
Other drugs:
Nafcillin (Unipen)
Methicillin
,Ticarcillin-clavulanate (Timentin)
Piperacillin (Zosyn)
Penicillins Actions: - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Weakens and destroys cell wall
Inhibits enzyme necessary for cell-wall formation (transpeptidase)
Activates enzyme that opens cell wall during replication (autolysin)
No effect on human cells, no cell wall
Bactericidal
Many aerobic gram positive
Some aerobic gram negative
Penicillin G is active constituent
Penicillins Side Effects: - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Gastrointestinal symptoms: diarrhea,
nausea, vomiting
Rare, but may cause pseudomembranous colitis due to suprainfection (more frequent with other
penicillins than amoxicillin)
Suprainfection with Candida albicans
,Allergy to penicillin (rash, hives)
Anaphylactic reaction (swelling of the airway, wheezing, difficulty breathing)
Penicillins Intervention: - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Monitor for gastrointestinal
symptoms.
Report bloody stools or long period of watery diarrhea.
Monitor for and report Candida infections of mouth or vagina.
Expect to treat Candida infections with an antifungal agent.
Monitor for allergy manifestations and notify provider.
Penicillins Administration: - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Patients should not crush or chew
extended-release form.
Chew chewable forms before swallowing.
For infants or young children, place drops directly on tongue or mix with small amount of juice
or formula; assure that child takes full dose.
Give at the beginning of meals to decrease gastrointestinal symptoms and increase absorption.
Give amoxicillin with probenecid, if prescribed, to increase therapeutic activity of amoxicillin.
Penicillins Patient Instructions - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Report watery or bloody
diarrhea to provider.
, Take drug at the start of meals.
Report mouth pain or inability to eat.
Report vaginal burning, itching, or discharge.
Stop drug and notify provider for possible allergic reactions.
Call 911 for severe symptoms, such as difficulty breathing.
Penicillins Contradictions and precautions - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Contraindications
Allergy to penicillins
Infectious mononucleosis
Severe liver disease (amoxicillin and clavulanic acid)
Precautions
History of allergies, hay fever, and asthma
History of allergy to cephalosporins or carbapenem antibiotics
Colitis or diarrhea
Antibacterials: Drugs that Interfere with Cell Wall Synthesis - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅✅Penicillins
Cephalosporins
Beta lactams
Other
Penicillins: Uses - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Treats broad-spectrum infections (ear and
throat, urinary tract)
Amoxicillin: treats gonorrhea
Addition of clavulanic acid increases spectrum of disorders (allows amoxicillin to kill bacteria)
Penicillins Prototype: - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Prototype drug:
Amoxicillin (Amoxil)
Amoxicillin and clavulanic acid (Augmentin)
Other drugs:
Nafcillin (Unipen)
Methicillin
,Ticarcillin-clavulanate (Timentin)
Piperacillin (Zosyn)
Penicillins Actions: - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Weakens and destroys cell wall
Inhibits enzyme necessary for cell-wall formation (transpeptidase)
Activates enzyme that opens cell wall during replication (autolysin)
No effect on human cells, no cell wall
Bactericidal
Many aerobic gram positive
Some aerobic gram negative
Penicillin G is active constituent
Penicillins Side Effects: - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Gastrointestinal symptoms: diarrhea,
nausea, vomiting
Rare, but may cause pseudomembranous colitis due to suprainfection (more frequent with other
penicillins than amoxicillin)
Suprainfection with Candida albicans
,Allergy to penicillin (rash, hives)
Anaphylactic reaction (swelling of the airway, wheezing, difficulty breathing)
Penicillins Intervention: - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Monitor for gastrointestinal
symptoms.
Report bloody stools or long period of watery diarrhea.
Monitor for and report Candida infections of mouth or vagina.
Expect to treat Candida infections with an antifungal agent.
Monitor for allergy manifestations and notify provider.
Penicillins Administration: - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Patients should not crush or chew
extended-release form.
Chew chewable forms before swallowing.
For infants or young children, place drops directly on tongue or mix with small amount of juice
or formula; assure that child takes full dose.
Give at the beginning of meals to decrease gastrointestinal symptoms and increase absorption.
Give amoxicillin with probenecid, if prescribed, to increase therapeutic activity of amoxicillin.
Penicillins Patient Instructions - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Report watery or bloody
diarrhea to provider.
, Take drug at the start of meals.
Report mouth pain or inability to eat.
Report vaginal burning, itching, or discharge.
Stop drug and notify provider for possible allergic reactions.
Call 911 for severe symptoms, such as difficulty breathing.
Penicillins Contradictions and precautions - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Contraindications
Allergy to penicillins
Infectious mononucleosis
Severe liver disease (amoxicillin and clavulanic acid)
Precautions
History of allergies, hay fever, and asthma
History of allergy to cephalosporins or carbapenem antibiotics
Colitis or diarrhea
