HURST REVIEW NCLEX RN READINESS EXAM: LATEST A+
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS EDITION.
How can HF lead to Hypervolemia?
If the heart is weak - Cardiac output goes down - Kidney perfusion decreases - Urinary
output decreases - so the volume stays in the vascular space
Aldosterone
Think Sodium & Water
"salt-retaining hormone"
Aldosterone promotes the retention of sodium by the kidneys.
Sodium retention promotes water retention
Watter retention promotes a higher blood volume and pressure
What diseases are caused by TOO MUCH Aldosterone?
Cushing's
Hyperaldosteronism (Conn's disease)
What diseases are caused by TOO LITTLE Aldosterone?
Addison's disease
ADH Think ?
H2O
Anti - Diuretic Hormone (ADH)
Makes you RETAIN WATER
Too Much ADH problems
- Retain water
- Fluid Volume Excess
= SIADH
Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH)
saying...?
, Too Many Letters = (retaining) Too Much Water
SIADH urine characteristics
Urine output is decreased
Urine sodium is increased
Urine concentration is increased
Urine specific gravity is increased
SIADH serum (blood) characteristics
Serum sodium is Diluted
(because of the increase of water in the body)
Hematocrit is low
Signs and symptoms of Fluid Volume Excess (FVE)
Distended neck veins/peripheral veins (veins are full)
Peripheral edema/third spacing (vessels can't hold any more, so they start to leak)
Central Venous Pressure (CVP) numbers go up
Lung sounds: wet, crackles (heard in lower lungs first) ->SOB
Polyuria (kidneys are trying to get fluid off to help diuresis)
Pulse increases (can be full/bounding)
BP increases (more volume more pressure)
Weight increases (any acute gain or loss isn't fat, it's fluid)
CVP (central venous pressure)
A direct measurement of the blood pressure in the right atrium and vena cava. CVP
reflects the amount of blood returning to the heart and the ability of the heart to pump
blood from the right heart into the pulmonary system.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS EDITION.
How can HF lead to Hypervolemia?
If the heart is weak - Cardiac output goes down - Kidney perfusion decreases - Urinary
output decreases - so the volume stays in the vascular space
Aldosterone
Think Sodium & Water
"salt-retaining hormone"
Aldosterone promotes the retention of sodium by the kidneys.
Sodium retention promotes water retention
Watter retention promotes a higher blood volume and pressure
What diseases are caused by TOO MUCH Aldosterone?
Cushing's
Hyperaldosteronism (Conn's disease)
What diseases are caused by TOO LITTLE Aldosterone?
Addison's disease
ADH Think ?
H2O
Anti - Diuretic Hormone (ADH)
Makes you RETAIN WATER
Too Much ADH problems
- Retain water
- Fluid Volume Excess
= SIADH
Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH)
saying...?
, Too Many Letters = (retaining) Too Much Water
SIADH urine characteristics
Urine output is decreased
Urine sodium is increased
Urine concentration is increased
Urine specific gravity is increased
SIADH serum (blood) characteristics
Serum sodium is Diluted
(because of the increase of water in the body)
Hematocrit is low
Signs and symptoms of Fluid Volume Excess (FVE)
Distended neck veins/peripheral veins (veins are full)
Peripheral edema/third spacing (vessels can't hold any more, so they start to leak)
Central Venous Pressure (CVP) numbers go up
Lung sounds: wet, crackles (heard in lower lungs first) ->SOB
Polyuria (kidneys are trying to get fluid off to help diuresis)
Pulse increases (can be full/bounding)
BP increases (more volume more pressure)
Weight increases (any acute gain or loss isn't fat, it's fluid)
CVP (central venous pressure)
A direct measurement of the blood pressure in the right atrium and vena cava. CVP
reflects the amount of blood returning to the heart and the ability of the heart to pump
blood from the right heart into the pulmonary system.
