HURST REVIEW NCLEX RN READINESS BOOK: LATEST A+
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS EDITION.
hypervolemia is defined as?
too much fluid in the vascular space
what are the main causes of hypervolemia?
heart failure, renal failure, and anything with lots of sodium (effervescent meds,
canned/processed foods, IVF w/ sodium)
what two hormones regulate fluid volume in the body?
Aldosterone and ADH
What does aldosterone do and where is it secreted from?
causes the body to retain water. secreted from the adrenal glands
what are diseases in which the body produces too much aldosterone (hormone
that retains water and sodium)?
cushing's disease (too many steroids)
Conn's disease
what does ADH do and where is it secreted from?
hormone that makes the body retain water. secreted by the pituitary gland
what is a disease in which the body produces too much ADH?
SIADH
body retains fluid, extreme thirst, can throw patients into Fluid Volume Excess.
Tx: fluid restriction and Desmopressin to inhibit release of ADh
what are S&S of fluid volume overload?
JVD, peripheral edema, crackles/wet lung, ascites, increased CVP, bounding pulses,
fast weight gain
what is the treatment for fluid volume excess?
I/O and daily weights
, diuretic therapy
sodium/fluid restriction
what are the causes of hypovolemia?
fluid loss from anywhere
third spacing (fluid in a place that does no good) ie. ascites
what are s&s of hypovolemia?
weak and thready pulse
weight decrease
decreased Urinary output
tachycardia
what are some examples of isotonic solutions and what are they used for?
NS, LR, D5W
replacement of lost fluids from n&v, burns, sweating, and trauma
what type of patient does not need to receive an isotonic solution?
pts w/ hypertension, cardiac disease, or renal failure
what are the causes of hypermagnesemia?
renal failure
antacid use
what is the antidote to magnesium
calcium gluconate
what are the causes of hypercalcemia?
hyperparathyroidism
thiazides
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS EDITION.
hypervolemia is defined as?
too much fluid in the vascular space
what are the main causes of hypervolemia?
heart failure, renal failure, and anything with lots of sodium (effervescent meds,
canned/processed foods, IVF w/ sodium)
what two hormones regulate fluid volume in the body?
Aldosterone and ADH
What does aldosterone do and where is it secreted from?
causes the body to retain water. secreted from the adrenal glands
what are diseases in which the body produces too much aldosterone (hormone
that retains water and sodium)?
cushing's disease (too many steroids)
Conn's disease
what does ADH do and where is it secreted from?
hormone that makes the body retain water. secreted by the pituitary gland
what is a disease in which the body produces too much ADH?
SIADH
body retains fluid, extreme thirst, can throw patients into Fluid Volume Excess.
Tx: fluid restriction and Desmopressin to inhibit release of ADh
what are S&S of fluid volume overload?
JVD, peripheral edema, crackles/wet lung, ascites, increased CVP, bounding pulses,
fast weight gain
what is the treatment for fluid volume excess?
I/O and daily weights
, diuretic therapy
sodium/fluid restriction
what are the causes of hypovolemia?
fluid loss from anywhere
third spacing (fluid in a place that does no good) ie. ascites
what are s&s of hypovolemia?
weak and thready pulse
weight decrease
decreased Urinary output
tachycardia
what are some examples of isotonic solutions and what are they used for?
NS, LR, D5W
replacement of lost fluids from n&v, burns, sweating, and trauma
what type of patient does not need to receive an isotonic solution?
pts w/ hypertension, cardiac disease, or renal failure
what are the causes of hypermagnesemia?
renal failure
antacid use
what is the antidote to magnesium
calcium gluconate
what are the causes of hypercalcemia?
hyperparathyroidism
thiazides
